Investigating the Changes of Total Organic Carbon Content in Bottled Water Under Environmental Stress Conditions

Sepideh Daghigi Masouleh; Fuad Shirmahi; Hossein Ghafourian; Mohammad Taghi Sadatipour

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajep.20180701.13

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Investigating the Changes of Total Organic Carbon Content in Bottled Water Under Environmental Stress Conditions

Sepideh Daghigi Masouleh, Fuad Shirmahi, Hossein Ghafourian, Mohammad Taghi Sadatipour

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 7, Issue 1)

Received: 6 February 2018 Accepted: 25 February 2018 Published: 29 March 2018

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Abstract

The consumption of bottled drinking water has increased considerably in the recent years. The main objective of this study was to investigate the changes of total organic carbon (TOC) level in bottled water under various environmental stress conditions. In this study, samples of drinking water were taken just before and after bottling process from three mineral water bottling plants in Tehran province, and the comparison of the levels of TOC content of the water was evaluated before and after bottling process, and at the end of the consumption period. The results indicate that TOC level in mineral water increases over time. There were very few changes of TOC level in the bottled water after one day. After one month and then three months, the changes became more significant in a way that the TOC level increased from 1.6 to 2.33 mg/L. Studying the bottled waters just few days left to their expiration dates revealed that the level of TOC increased twice, i.e. from 1.6 to 2.9 mg/L. Also, the level of TOC in samples changed significantly one month after the expiration date, and it increased from the initial 1.6 to 3.2mg/L. The level of TOC in samples exposed to sun was almost four times more, and reached its highest level of 5.47 mg/L. Also, the level of changes in samples after freezing increased from initial 1.6 to 4.11 mg/L.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajep.20180701.13
Page(s)	14-18
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bottled Water, Organic, Compounds, TOC

References

[1]	Bieroza Magdalena Zofia CHARACTERISING WATER TREATMENT WORKS PERFORMANCE USING FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY [Report]: PHD Dissertation / Civil Engineering; The University of Birmingham. - Birmingham: The University of Birmingham, 2009. - pp. 1-285.
[2]	Bittner George D. [et al.] Chemicals having estrogenic activity can be released from some bisphenol a-free, hard and clear, thermoplastic resins [Journal] // Environmental Health. - [s.l.]: BioMed Central. - 103: Vol. 13. - pp. 1-18.
[3]	Monarca S. [et al.] Studies of Migration of Potentialy Genotoxic Componds into Water Stored in PET Bottles [Journal] // Fd. Chem. Toxic.. - [s.l.]: Elsevier Sci. Comp. Pergamon., 1994. - 9: Vol. 32. - pp. 783-788.
[4]	Bourgeois Wilfrid, Burgess Joanna E and Stuetz Richard M On-line monitoring of wastewater quality: a review [Journal] // J Chem Technol Biotechnol. - 2001. - Vol. 76. - pp. 337-348.
[5]	Farhadkhani Marzieh [et al.] Assessment of drinking water quality from bottled water coolers [Journal] // Iranian Journal of Public Health. - 2014. - 5: Vol. 43. - pp. 647-681.
[6]	Carneado S. [et al.] Migration of antimony from polyethylene terephthalate used in mineral water bottles [Journal] // Food Chemistry. - [s.l.]: Elsevier Ltd., 2015. - Vol. 166. - pp. 544-550.
[7]	Sulaiman G. Muhammad, Lawen S. Esmail and Shelear H. Hasan Effect of storage temperature and sunlight exposure on the physicochemical properties of bottled water in Kurdistan region-Iraq [Journal] // J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage.. - [s.l.]: bioline, 2011. - 1: Vol. 15. - pp. 147-154.
[8]	Warburton Donald W. [et al.] A review of the microbiological quality of bottled water sold in Canada between 1981 and 1989 [Journal] // Can. J. Microbiol. - 1992. - Vol. 38. - pp. 12-19.
[9]	Warburton Donald W. A review of the microbiological quality of bottled water sold in Canada. Part 2. The need for more stringent standards and regulations [Journal] // Can. J. Microbiol. - 1993. - Vol. 39. - pp. 158-168.
[10]	WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality [Report]. - Malta: World Health Organization, 2011. - pp. 1-509.

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APA Style

Sepideh Daghigi Masouleh, Fuad Shirmahi, Hossein Ghafourian, Mohammad Taghi Sadatipour. (2018). Investigating the Changes of Total Organic Carbon Content in Bottled Water Under Environmental Stress Conditions. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 7(1), 14-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20180701.13

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ACS Style

Sepideh Daghigi Masouleh; Fuad Shirmahi; Hossein Ghafourian; Mohammad Taghi Sadatipour. Investigating the Changes of Total Organic Carbon Content in Bottled Water Under Environmental Stress Conditions. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2018, 7(1), 14-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20180701.13

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AMA Style

Sepideh Daghigi Masouleh, Fuad Shirmahi, Hossein Ghafourian, Mohammad Taghi Sadatipour. Investigating the Changes of Total Organic Carbon Content in Bottled Water Under Environmental Stress Conditions. Am J Environ Prot. 2018;7(1):14-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20180701.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20180701.13,
  author = {Sepideh Daghigi Masouleh and Fuad Shirmahi and Hossein Ghafourian and Mohammad Taghi Sadatipour},
  title = {Investigating the Changes of Total Organic Carbon Content in Bottled Water Under Environmental Stress Conditions},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {14-18},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20180701.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20180701.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20180701.13},
  abstract = {The consumption of bottled drinking water has increased considerably in the recent years. The main objective of this study was to investigate the changes of total organic carbon (TOC) level in bottled water under various environmental stress conditions. In this study, samples of drinking water were taken just before and after bottling process from three mineral water bottling plants in Tehran province, and the comparison of the levels of TOC content of the water was evaluated before and after bottling process, and at the end of the consumption period. The results indicate that TOC level in mineral water increases over time. There were very few changes of TOC level in the bottled water after one day. After one month and then three months, the changes became more significant in a way that the TOC level increased from 1.6 to 2.33 mg/L. Studying the bottled waters just few days left to their expiration dates revealed that the level of TOC increased twice, i.e. from 1.6 to 2.9 mg/L. Also, the level of TOC in samples changed significantly one month after the expiration date, and it increased from the initial 1.6 to 3.2mg/L. The level of TOC in samples exposed to sun was almost four times more, and reached its highest level of 5.47 mg/L. Also, the level of changes in samples after freezing increased from initial 1.6 to 4.11 mg/L.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Investigating the Changes of Total Organic Carbon Content in Bottled Water Under Environmental Stress Conditions
AU - Sepideh Daghigi Masouleh
AU - Fuad Shirmahi
AU - Hossein Ghafourian
AU - Mohammad Taghi Sadatipour
Y1 - 2018/03/29
PY - 2018
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20180701.13
DO - 10.11648/j.ajep.20180701.13
T2 - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP - 14
EP - 18
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-5699
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20180701.13
AB - The consumption of bottled drinking water has increased considerably in the recent years. The main objective of this study was to investigate the changes of total organic carbon (TOC) level in bottled water under various environmental stress conditions. In this study, samples of drinking water were taken just before and after bottling process from three mineral water bottling plants in Tehran province, and the comparison of the levels of TOC content of the water was evaluated before and after bottling process, and at the end of the consumption period. The results indicate that TOC level in mineral water increases over time. There were very few changes of TOC level in the bottled water after one day. After one month and then three months, the changes became more significant in a way that the TOC level increased from 1.6 to 2.33 mg/L. Studying the bottled waters just few days left to their expiration dates revealed that the level of TOC increased twice, i.e. from 1.6 to 2.9 mg/L. Also, the level of TOC in samples changed significantly one month after the expiration date, and it increased from the initial 1.6 to 3.2mg/L. The level of TOC in samples exposed to sun was almost four times more, and reached its highest level of 5.47 mg/L. Also, the level of changes in samples after freezing increased from initial 1.6 to 4.11 mg/L.
VL - 7
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Sepideh Daghigi Masouleh

Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Marine Science & Technology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Fuad Shirmahi

Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Marine Science & Technology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Hossein Ghafourian

Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Marine Science & Technology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Taghi Sadatipour

Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Marine Science & Technology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

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APA Style

Sepideh Daghigi Masouleh, Fuad Shirmahi, Hossein Ghafourian, Mohammad Taghi Sadatipour. (2018). Investigating the Changes of Total Organic Carbon Content in Bottled Water Under Environmental Stress Conditions. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 7(1), 14-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20180701.13

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ACS Style

Sepideh Daghigi Masouleh; Fuad Shirmahi; Hossein Ghafourian; Mohammad Taghi Sadatipour. Investigating the Changes of Total Organic Carbon Content in Bottled Water Under Environmental Stress Conditions. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2018, 7(1), 14-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20180701.13

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AMA Style

Sepideh Daghigi Masouleh, Fuad Shirmahi, Hossein Ghafourian, Mohammad Taghi Sadatipour. Investigating the Changes of Total Organic Carbon Content in Bottled Water Under Environmental Stress Conditions. Am J Environ Prot. 2018;7(1):14-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20180701.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20180701.13,
  author = {Sepideh Daghigi Masouleh and Fuad Shirmahi and Hossein Ghafourian and Mohammad Taghi Sadatipour},
  title = {Investigating the Changes of Total Organic Carbon Content in Bottled Water Under Environmental Stress Conditions},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {14-18},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20180701.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20180701.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20180701.13},
  abstract = {The consumption of bottled drinking water has increased considerably in the recent years. The main objective of this study was to investigate the changes of total organic carbon (TOC) level in bottled water under various environmental stress conditions. In this study, samples of drinking water were taken just before and after bottling process from three mineral water bottling plants in Tehran province, and the comparison of the levels of TOC content of the water was evaluated before and after bottling process, and at the end of the consumption period. The results indicate that TOC level in mineral water increases over time. There were very few changes of TOC level in the bottled water after one day. After one month and then three months, the changes became more significant in a way that the TOC level increased from 1.6 to 2.33 mg/L. Studying the bottled waters just few days left to their expiration dates revealed that the level of TOC increased twice, i.e. from 1.6 to 2.9 mg/L. Also, the level of TOC in samples changed significantly one month after the expiration date, and it increased from the initial 1.6 to 3.2mg/L. The level of TOC in samples exposed to sun was almost four times more, and reached its highest level of 5.47 mg/L. Also, the level of changes in samples after freezing increased from initial 1.6 to 4.11 mg/L.},
 year = {2018}
}

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