54 Xe and 36Kr Gas Filled Proportional Counters and Characteristic X-Rays Detection

Hemn; Muhammad Salh; Ari; Maghdid Hamad

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12

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54 Xe and 36Kr Gas Filled Proportional Counters and Characteristic X-Rays Detection

Hemn, Muhammad Salh, Ari, Maghdid Hamad

Published in American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 26 July 2014 Accepted: 18 August 2014 Published: 30 August 2014

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Abstract

This study examines several important features of characteristic X-rays, including their production, spectroscopy and interactions with materials. Characteristic X-rays for different elements (29Cu, 42Mo, 47Ag, 56Ba and 65Tb) were obtained from a variable energy X-ray source by using gamma rays around 60 keV from 241Am. It was found that the energy and intensity of generated characteristic X-ray photons are proportional to the atomic number of the targets within the variable energy X-ray source. In addition, X-ray spectroscopy for such targets was investigated by using two gas- filled (54 Xe and 36Kr) proportional counters. Furthermore, it was discovered that the probability of photoelectric absorption of (54 Xe) gas-filled proportional counter is almost 1.5 times higher than the probability of photoelectric absorption of (36 Kr) gas-filled proportional counter.

Published in	American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12
Page(s)	95-103
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Proportional Counters, Characteristic X-Ray, Detection Efficiency

References

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[2]	Gilmore, G. R. (2008) Practical gamma- ray spectrometry. 2nd edition. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[3]	Hertrich, P. (2005) Practical radiography. John Wiley & Sons.
[4]	Johansen, G. A., & Jackson, P. (2004). Radioisotope gauges for industrial process measurements. John Wiley & Sons.
[5]	Knoll, G. F. (2000) Radiation detection and measurement. 3rd edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc.
[6]	Krane, K. S. (1988) Introductory nuclear physics. 3rd edition. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
[7]	Leo, W. R. (1994) Techniques for Nuclear and particle physics experiments: A how-to approach. 2ndedition. Springer.
[8]	Leroy, C. and Rancoita, P. G. (2004) Principles of radiation interaction in matter and detection. World scientific publishing co. pte. Ltd
[9]	L'Annunziata, M. F. (Ed.). (2012). Handbook of radioactivity analysis. Academic Press.
[10]	Millar, R. H. (1975). Atomic number dependence of the photoelectric cross section for photons in the energy range from 4.5 to 25 keV. J. Phys. B: Atom. Molec. Phys.,Vol.8, No.12, 1975.
[11]	Prekeges, J. (2012) Nuclear medicine instrumentation. 2nd edition. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
[12]	Robinson, J. W. (ed.) (1974) Handbook of spectroscopy. Vol I, CRC press.
[13]	Tsoulfanidis, N. (1995) Measurement and detection of radiation.2nd edition. Taylor and Francis.
[14]	Turner, J. E. (2008). Atoms, radiation, and radiation protection. John Wiley & Sons.
[15]	Van Grieken, R., & Markowicz, A. (Eds.). (2001). Handbook of X-ray Spectrometry. CRC Press
[16]	Webster, J. G., & Eren, H. (Eds.). (2014). Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook: Spatial, Mechanical, Thermal, and Radiation Measurement (Vol. 1). CRC press.

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APA Style

Hemn, Muhammad Salh, Ari, Maghdid Hamad. (2014). 54 Xe and 36Kr Gas Filled Proportional Counters and Characteristic X-Rays Detection. American Journal of Physics and Applications, 2(4), 95-103. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12

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ACS Style

Hemn; Muhammad Salh; Ari; Maghdid Hamad. 54 Xe and 36Kr Gas Filled Proportional Counters and Characteristic X-Rays Detection. Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2014, 2(4), 95-103. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12

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AMA Style

Hemn, Muhammad Salh, Ari, Maghdid Hamad. 54 Xe and 36Kr Gas Filled Proportional Counters and Characteristic X-Rays Detection. Am J Phys Appl. 2014;2(4):95-103. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12,
  author = {Hemn and Muhammad Salh and Ari and Maghdid Hamad},
  title = {54 Xe and 36Kr Gas Filled Proportional Counters and Characteristic X-Rays Detection},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {95-103},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20140204.12},
  abstract = {This study examines several important features of characteristic X-rays, including their production, spectroscopy and interactions with materials. Characteristic X-rays for different elements (29Cu, 42Mo, 47Ag, 56Ba and 65Tb) were obtained from a variable energy X-ray source by using gamma rays around 60 keV from 241Am. It was found that the energy and intensity of generated characteristic X-ray photons are proportional to the atomic number of the targets within the variable energy X-ray source. In addition, X-ray spectroscopy for such targets was investigated by using two gas- filled (54 Xe and 36Kr) proportional counters. Furthermore, it was discovered that the probability of photoelectric absorption of (54 Xe) gas-filled proportional counter is almost 1.5 times higher than the probability of photoelectric absorption of (36 Kr) gas-filled proportional counter.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - 54 Xe and 36Kr Gas Filled Proportional Counters and Characteristic X-Rays Detection
AU  - Hemn
AU  - Muhammad Salh
AU  - Ari
AU  - Maghdid Hamad
Y1  - 2014/08/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12
T2  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
SP  - 95
EP  - 103
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4308
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12
AB  - This study examines several important features of characteristic X-rays, including their production, spectroscopy and interactions with materials. Characteristic X-rays for different elements (29Cu, 42Mo, 47Ag, 56Ba and 65Tb) were obtained from a variable energy X-ray source by using gamma rays around 60 keV from 241Am. It was found that the energy and intensity of generated characteristic X-ray photons are proportional to the atomic number of the targets within the variable energy X-ray source. In addition, X-ray spectroscopy for such targets was investigated by using two gas- filled (54 Xe and 36Kr) proportional counters. Furthermore, it was discovered that the probability of photoelectric absorption of (54 Xe) gas-filled proportional counter is almost 1.5 times higher than the probability of photoelectric absorption of (36 Kr) gas-filled proportional counter.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Hemn
Muhammad Salh
Ari
Maghdid Hamad

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APA Style

Hemn, Muhammad Salh, Ari, Maghdid Hamad. (2014). 54 Xe and 36Kr Gas Filled Proportional Counters and Characteristic X-Rays Detection. American Journal of Physics and Applications, 2(4), 95-103. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12

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ACS Style

Hemn; Muhammad Salh; Ari; Maghdid Hamad. 54 Xe and 36Kr Gas Filled Proportional Counters and Characteristic X-Rays Detection. Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2014, 2(4), 95-103. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12

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AMA Style

Hemn, Muhammad Salh, Ari, Maghdid Hamad. 54 Xe and 36Kr Gas Filled Proportional Counters and Characteristic X-Rays Detection. Am J Phys Appl. 2014;2(4):95-103. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12,
  author = {Hemn and Muhammad Salh and Ari and Maghdid Hamad},
  title = {54 Xe and 36Kr Gas Filled Proportional Counters and Characteristic X-Rays Detection},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {95-103},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20140204.12},
  abstract = {This study examines several important features of characteristic X-rays, including their production, spectroscopy and interactions with materials. Characteristic X-rays for different elements (29Cu, 42Mo, 47Ag, 56Ba and 65Tb) were obtained from a variable energy X-ray source by using gamma rays around 60 keV from 241Am. It was found that the energy and intensity of generated characteristic X-ray photons are proportional to the atomic number of the targets within the variable energy X-ray source. In addition, X-ray spectroscopy for such targets was investigated by using two gas- filled (54 Xe and 36Kr) proportional counters. Furthermore, it was discovered that the probability of photoelectric absorption of (54 Xe) gas-filled proportional counter is almost 1.5 times higher than the probability of photoelectric absorption of (36 Kr) gas-filled proportional counter.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - 54 Xe and 36Kr Gas Filled Proportional Counters and Characteristic X-Rays Detection
AU  - Hemn
AU  - Muhammad Salh
AU  - Ari
AU  - Maghdid Hamad
Y1  - 2014/08/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12
T2  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
SP  - 95
EP  - 103
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4308
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20140204.12
AB  - This study examines several important features of characteristic X-rays, including their production, spectroscopy and interactions with materials. Characteristic X-rays for different elements (29Cu, 42Mo, 47Ag, 56Ba and 65Tb) were obtained from a variable energy X-ray source by using gamma rays around 60 keV from 241Am. It was found that the energy and intensity of generated characteristic X-ray photons are proportional to the atomic number of the targets within the variable energy X-ray source. In addition, X-ray spectroscopy for such targets was investigated by using two gas- filled (54 Xe and 36Kr) proportional counters. Furthermore, it was discovered that the probability of photoelectric absorption of (54 Xe) gas-filled proportional counter is almost 1.5 times higher than the probability of photoelectric absorption of (36 Kr) gas-filled proportional counter.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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