Novel Fusion Electrokinetic Technology with Gas Re-Injection (GREK) for Soil Remediation and Stabilization

Sanghee Shin

doi:doi:10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12

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Novel Fusion Electrokinetic Technology with Gas Re-Injection (GREK) for Soil Remediation and Stabilization

Sanghee Shin

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Published: 20 February 2014

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Abstract

In this study, a gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was proposed as the method for the restoration and stabilization of contaminated soil. The proposed electrokinetic remediation was a new technique, where treatment was performed by reinjecting the surplus gas, which was produced from an anode chamber, into soil, in order to remove the heavy metals and moisture that exist in clayey soil or clayey-sandy soil with low hydraulic conductivity. The manufactured samples were completed through the compression process, in which pressure was gradually increased to a final pressure of 2.11 kgf/cm2 (30 psi) during a total of 7 days. Before the compression, the samples were taken, and the heavy metal concentration and water content were measured. For the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) and non-injection type treatment method, continuous treatment processes were performed for 24 hours at a voltage gradient of 2 V/cm. The results of the water content indicated that the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was about 3% higher than that for non-injection type treatment method. The removal efficiency of chromium (Cr)indicated that the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was about 15% higher than that for non-injection type treatment method. The removal efficiency of cadmium (Cd) indicated that the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was about 22% higher than that for non-injection type treatment method. It is expected that the proposed gas reinjection type treatment method would contribute to convergence electrokinetic treatment processes in the future.

Published in	Earth Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12
Page(s)	9-13
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Gas Injection Electrokinetic, Electroremediation, Clay, Clay-Sandy Soil, Gas Control Process

References

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[2]	Tchilingarian, G. V., "Possible utilization of electrophoretic phenomenon for separation of fine sediments into grades", Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol. 22, No. 1, 1952, pp. 29-32.
[3]	Ambah, S. A., Chilingar, G. V. and Beeson, C. M., "Use of direct electrical current for increasing the flow rate of reservoir fluids during petroleum recovery", Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, Vol. 3, No.1, 1964, pp.8-14.
[4]	Pamukcu, S., Weeks, A. and Wittle, J.K., "Electrochemical extraction and stabilization of selected inorganic species in porous media", Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 55, No. 1-3, 1997, pp. 305- 318.
[5]	Pamukcu, S., Weeks, A. andWittle, J.K., "Enhanced reduction of Cr (VI) by direct electrical current in a contaminated clay", Environmental Science Technology, Vol.38, No. 4, 2004, pp. 1236 - 1241.
[6]	M.M. Page, C.L. Page, "Electroremediation of contaminated soils", Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vol.128, 2002, pp. 208–219.
[7]	K.J. Kim, D.H. Kim, J.C. Yoo, K. Baek, "Electrokinetic extraction of heavy metals from dredged marine sediment", Separation Science and Technology, Vol.79, No.2, 2011, pp. 164-169.
[8]	Chilingar, G. V., Adamson, L. G., Armstrong, R. A. and Beeson, C. M., "Soils stabilized through electroosmosis", Southwest Builder and Contractor, Vol.145, No. 24, 1964, pp.100-102.
[9]	Chilingar, G. V., Amba, S. A. and Beeson, C. M., "Application of electrokinetic phenomena in civil engineering and petroleum engineering", Annals of the New York Academy of Science, Vol.118, No. 14, 1965, pp. 585-602.
[10]	Chilingar, G. V., Adamson, L. G., Rieke, H. H. and Gray, R. R., "Electrochemical treatment of shrinking soils", Engineering Geology, Vol. 2, No.3, 1968, pp.197-203.
[11]	Wittle, J.K., Hill, D.G. andChilingar, G.V., "Direct Electric Current Oil Recovery (EEOR) — A New Approach to Enhancing Oil Production", Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, Vol. 33, No. 9, 2011, pp. 805 – 822.
[12]	Shin,S. H., Chilingar, G.V., Haroun, M., Wittle, J.K.,Meshkati, N., Pamukcu, S., Jeoung, J. H. and Koo, H.B., "Electrokinetics Technology to Improve Acidizing of Carbonate Reservoir Rocks",Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol. 4 , No. 4A, 2013, pp. 1-3.
[13]	Shin, S.H., Chilingar, G.V. ,Haroun, M., Ghosh, B., Meshkati, N., Pamukcu, S., Wittle, J.K. andBadawi, M.A., "The Effect of Generated Chlorine Gas on Electroremediation of Heavy Metals from Offshore Muds", Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol. 3 , No. 5, . 2012, pp. 363-373.

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Sanghee Shin. (2014). Novel Fusion Electrokinetic Technology with Gas Re-Injection (GREK) for Soil Remediation and Stabilization. Earth Sciences, 3(1), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12

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ACS Style

Sanghee Shin. Novel Fusion Electrokinetic Technology with Gas Re-Injection (GREK) for Soil Remediation and Stabilization. Earth Sci. 2014, 3(1), 9-13. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12

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AMA Style

Sanghee Shin. Novel Fusion Electrokinetic Technology with Gas Re-Injection (GREK) for Soil Remediation and Stabilization. Earth Sci. 2014;3(1):9-13. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12,
  author = {Sanghee Shin},
  title = {Novel Fusion Electrokinetic Technology with Gas Re-Injection (GREK) for Soil Remediation and Stabilization},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {9-13},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20140301.12},
  abstract = {In this study, a gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was proposed as the method for the restoration and stabilization of contaminated soil. The proposed electrokinetic remediation was a new technique, where treatment was performed by reinjecting the surplus gas, which was produced from an anode chamber, into soil, in order to remove the heavy metals and moisture that exist in clayey soil or clayey-sandy soil with low hydraulic conductivity. The manufactured samples were completed through the compression process, in which pressure was gradually increased to a final pressure of 2.11 kgf/cm2 (30 psi) during a total of 7 days. Before the compression, the samples were taken, and the heavy metal concentration and water content were measured. For the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) and non-injection type treatment method, continuous treatment processes were performed for 24 hours at a voltage gradient of 2 V/cm. The results of the water content indicated that the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was about 3% higher than that for non-injection type treatment method. The removal efficiency of chromium (Cr)indicated that the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was about 15% higher than that for non-injection type treatment method. The removal efficiency of cadmium (Cd) indicated that the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was about 22% higher than that for non-injection type treatment method. It is expected that the proposed gas reinjection type treatment method would contribute to convergence electrokinetic treatment processes in the future.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Novel Fusion Electrokinetic Technology with Gas Re-Injection (GREK) for Soil Remediation and Stabilization
AU  - Sanghee Shin
Y1  - 2014/02/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 9
EP  - 13
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12
AB  - In this study, a gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was proposed as the method for the restoration and stabilization of contaminated soil. The proposed electrokinetic remediation was a new technique, where treatment was performed by reinjecting the surplus gas, which was produced from an anode chamber, into soil, in order to remove the heavy metals and moisture that exist in clayey soil or clayey-sandy soil with low hydraulic conductivity. The manufactured samples were completed through the compression process, in which pressure was gradually increased to a final pressure of 2.11 kgf/cm2 (30 psi) during a total of 7 days. Before the compression, the samples were taken, and the heavy metal concentration and water content were measured. For the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) and non-injection type treatment method, continuous treatment processes were performed for 24 hours at a voltage gradient of 2 V/cm. The results of the water content indicated that the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was about 3% higher than that for non-injection type treatment method. The removal efficiency of chromium (Cr)indicated that the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was about 15% higher than that for non-injection type treatment method. The removal efficiency of cadmium (Cd) indicated that the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was about 22% higher than that for non-injection type treatment method. It is expected that the proposed gas reinjection type treatment method would contribute to convergence electrokinetic treatment processes in the future.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Sanghee Shin

Geotechnical Engineering Research Division, Korea Institute of Construction and Technology, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea

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APA Style

Sanghee Shin. (2014). Novel Fusion Electrokinetic Technology with Gas Re-Injection (GREK) for Soil Remediation and Stabilization. Earth Sciences, 3(1), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12

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ACS Style

Sanghee Shin. Novel Fusion Electrokinetic Technology with Gas Re-Injection (GREK) for Soil Remediation and Stabilization. Earth Sci. 2014, 3(1), 9-13. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12

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AMA Style

Sanghee Shin. Novel Fusion Electrokinetic Technology with Gas Re-Injection (GREK) for Soil Remediation and Stabilization. Earth Sci. 2014;3(1):9-13. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12,
  author = {Sanghee Shin},
  title = {Novel Fusion Electrokinetic Technology with Gas Re-Injection (GREK) for Soil Remediation and Stabilization},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {9-13},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20140301.12},
  abstract = {In this study, a gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was proposed as the method for the restoration and stabilization of contaminated soil. The proposed electrokinetic remediation was a new technique, where treatment was performed by reinjecting the surplus gas, which was produced from an anode chamber, into soil, in order to remove the heavy metals and moisture that exist in clayey soil or clayey-sandy soil with low hydraulic conductivity. The manufactured samples were completed through the compression process, in which pressure was gradually increased to a final pressure of 2.11 kgf/cm2 (30 psi) during a total of 7 days. Before the compression, the samples were taken, and the heavy metal concentration and water content were measured. For the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) and non-injection type treatment method, continuous treatment processes were performed for 24 hours at a voltage gradient of 2 V/cm. The results of the water content indicated that the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was about 3% higher than that for non-injection type treatment method. The removal efficiency of chromium (Cr)indicated that the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was about 15% higher than that for non-injection type treatment method. The removal efficiency of cadmium (Cd) indicated that the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was about 22% higher than that for non-injection type treatment method. It is expected that the proposed gas reinjection type treatment method would contribute to convergence electrokinetic treatment processes in the future.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Novel Fusion Electrokinetic Technology with Gas Re-Injection (GREK) for Soil Remediation and Stabilization
AU  - Sanghee Shin
Y1  - 2014/02/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 9
EP  - 13
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20140301.12
AB  - In this study, a gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was proposed as the method for the restoration and stabilization of contaminated soil. The proposed electrokinetic remediation was a new technique, where treatment was performed by reinjecting the surplus gas, which was produced from an anode chamber, into soil, in order to remove the heavy metals and moisture that exist in clayey soil or clayey-sandy soil with low hydraulic conductivity. The manufactured samples were completed through the compression process, in which pressure was gradually increased to a final pressure of 2.11 kgf/cm2 (30 psi) during a total of 7 days. Before the compression, the samples were taken, and the heavy metal concentration and water content were measured. For the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) and non-injection type treatment method, continuous treatment processes were performed for 24 hours at a voltage gradient of 2 V/cm. The results of the water content indicated that the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was about 3% higher than that for non-injection type treatment method. The removal efficiency of chromium (Cr)indicated that the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was about 15% higher than that for non-injection type treatment method. The removal efficiency of cadmium (Cd) indicated that the gas reinjection type electrokinetic remediation treatment process (GREK) was about 22% higher than that for non-injection type treatment method. It is expected that the proposed gas reinjection type treatment method would contribute to convergence electrokinetic treatment processes in the future.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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