,
Nomo Negue Emmanuel*,
Nguihdama Dagwaï,
Ayiwouo Ngounouno Mouhamed,
Mbowou Gbambie Isaac Bertrand,
Ngounouno Ismaïla
Remote sensing technology and X-rays fluorescence are largely used in the applied geology field. In this study, we combine field observations and petrography, remote sensing applications through the processing of the Landsat-8 OLI, and Ultra-violet fluorescence to map geological structures, hydrothermal alteration minerals, and characterize tungsten mineralization in the Djouzami area (Adamawa, Cameroon). Landsat-8 OLI satellite imagery, was processed to detect both hydrothermal alteration zones and regional structural lineaments associated with tungsten mineralization. Fieldworks and petrography revealed hydrothermal mineral assemblage made of muscovite, chlorite, tourmaline, hematite, calcite and sericite associated to metallic minerals including tungsten and pyrite hosted in quartz veins. This hydrothermal mineral assemblage is also identified in the gold-bearing quartz veins reported in several areas along the Lom group. Band Ratio (BR) and Principal component analysis (PCA) were implemented to extract spectral information related to alteration minerals. The Band Ratios 6/7, 4/2, and 6/5 have permits to map clay, iron oxide/hydroxides, and ferrous minerals, respectively. This study demonstrates the significant potential of fieldwork and multispectral remote sensing data processing for tungsten prospecting as a mineral exploration technique in the Djouzami region. The mapping led to the detection of 1334 lineaments which show four main directions. The ENE-WSW directions corresponds to the trending of the Sanaga shear zone; the NE-SW direction represents the trending of the Djouzami and the Bétaré-Oya shear zones or the main shear zone which underline the Lom group; the N-S and E-W directions are equivalent to the trending of the foliation in the Meiganga area. Most of the high hydrothermal zones and tungsten-bearing quartz veins are located along the NE-SW lineaments or shear zone. Gold-related NE-SW trending Djouzami shear zone is also proposed. The NE-SW structure constitute certainly pathway for mineralizing fluids and ground water circulation, and control tungsten mineralization. Results proposed in this work provide important information for research of characteristic hydrothermal minerals assemblage that accompany tungsten mineralization, and for identify structures that control this mineralization in the area.
| Published in | Earth Sciences (Volume 13, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.earth.20241303.12 |
| Page(s) | 97-115 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Tungsten, Scheelite, Hydrothermal Alteration, Shear Zone, Ultra-Violet (UV) Fluorescence, Landsat-8 OLIReferences
Resolution of Landsat-8 OLI / TIRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Band | Characteristics | Spatial resolution | Spectral resolution (μm) |
Band 1 | Aerosol | 30 m × 30 m | 0.433 – 0.453 |
Band 2 | Blue | 30 m × 30 m | 0.45 – 0.515 |
Band 3 | Green | 30 m × 30 m | 0.525 – 0.6 |
Band 4 | Red | 30 m × 30 m | 0.63 – 0.68 |
Band 5 | Near Infrared | 30 m × 30 m | 0.845 – 0.885 |
Band 6 | Mid Infrared 1 | 30 m × 30 m | 1.36 – 1.39 |
Band 7 | Mid Infrared 2 | 30 m × 30 m | 1.56 – 1.66 |
Band 8 | Panchromatic | 15 m × 15 m | 0.50 – 0.68 |
Band 9 | Cirrus | 30 m × 30 m | 2.10 – 2.30 |
Band 10 | Thermal Infrared 1 | 100 m × 100 m | 10.30 – 11.30 |
Band 11 | Thermal Infrared 2 | 100 m × 100 m | 11.50 – 12.50 |
N-S | NE-SW | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 |
-1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 |
-1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 |
-1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
-1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
-1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
-1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
E-W | NW-SE | ||||||||||||
0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.7 | -1.4 | -1.4 | -1.4 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.7 | -1.4 | -1.4 | -1.4 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.7 | -1.4 | -1.4 | -1.4 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.0 | -0.7 | -0.7 | -0.7 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Sn | Parameter Settings | Parameter Value |
|---|---|---|
1 | Filter Radius (Pixels) | 5 |
2 | Edge Gradient Threshold | 10 |
3 | Curved Length Threshold (Pixels) | 10 |
4 | Line fitting Error Threshold (Pixels) | 3 |
5 | Angular difference Threshold (Degrees) | 30 |
6 | Linking Distance Threshold (Pixels) | 20 |
OLI | Operational Land Imager |
PCA | Principal Component Analysis |
BR | Band Ratio |
VNIR | Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite |
SWIR | Short-Wave Infrared |
FLAASH | Fast Line-of-Sight Atmospheric |
USGS | United States Geological Survey |
TIRS | Thermal Infrared Sensor |
RBG | Red Bleu Green |
NIR | Near Infrared |
W | Tungsten |
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APA Style
Raoul, Y. W., Emmanuel, N. N., Dagwaï, N., Mouhamed, A. N., Bertrand, M. G. I., et al. (2024). Prospecting Tungsten (Scheelite) Mineralization in the Djouzami Area (Adamawa Cameroon) Using Ultra-Violet (UV) Fluorescence and Landsat-8 OLI Images. Earth Sciences, 13(3), 97-115. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20241303.12
ACS Style
Raoul, Y. W.; Emmanuel, N. N.; Dagwaï, N.; Mouhamed, A. N.; Bertrand, M. G. I., et al. Prospecting Tungsten (Scheelite) Mineralization in the Djouzami Area (Adamawa Cameroon) Using Ultra-Violet (UV) Fluorescence and Landsat-8 OLI Images. Earth Sci. 2024, 13(3), 97-115. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20241303.12
AMA Style
Raoul YW, Emmanuel NN, Dagwaï N, Mouhamed AN, Bertrand MGI, et al. Prospecting Tungsten (Scheelite) Mineralization in the Djouzami Area (Adamawa Cameroon) Using Ultra-Violet (UV) Fluorescence and Landsat-8 OLI Images. Earth Sci. 2024;13(3):97-115. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20241303.12
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author = {Yingyang Wanbitching Raoul and Nomo Negue Emmanuel and Nguihdama Dagwaï and Ayiwouo Ngounouno Mouhamed and Mbowou Gbambie Isaac Bertrand and Ngounouno Ismaïla},
title = {Prospecting Tungsten (Scheelite) Mineralization in the Djouzami Area (Adamawa Cameroon) Using Ultra-Violet (UV) Fluorescence and Landsat-8 OLI Images
},
journal = {Earth Sciences},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {97-115},
doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20241303.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20241303.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20241303.12},
abstract = {Remote sensing technology and X-rays fluorescence are largely used in the applied geology field. In this study, we combine field observations and petrography, remote sensing applications through the processing of the Landsat-8 OLI, and Ultra-violet fluorescence to map geological structures, hydrothermal alteration minerals, and characterize tungsten mineralization in the Djouzami area (Adamawa, Cameroon). Landsat-8 OLI satellite imagery, was processed to detect both hydrothermal alteration zones and regional structural lineaments associated with tungsten mineralization. Fieldworks and petrography revealed hydrothermal mineral assemblage made of muscovite, chlorite, tourmaline, hematite, calcite and sericite associated to metallic minerals including tungsten and pyrite hosted in quartz veins. This hydrothermal mineral assemblage is also identified in the gold-bearing quartz veins reported in several areas along the Lom group. Band Ratio (BR) and Principal component analysis (PCA) were implemented to extract spectral information related to alteration minerals. The Band Ratios 6/7, 4/2, and 6/5 have permits to map clay, iron oxide/hydroxides, and ferrous minerals, respectively. This study demonstrates the significant potential of fieldwork and multispectral remote sensing data processing for tungsten prospecting as a mineral exploration technique in the Djouzami region. The mapping led to the detection of 1334 lineaments which show four main directions. The ENE-WSW directions corresponds to the trending of the Sanaga shear zone; the NE-SW direction represents the trending of the Djouzami and the Bétaré-Oya shear zones or the main shear zone which underline the Lom group; the N-S and E-W directions are equivalent to the trending of the foliation in the Meiganga area. Most of the high hydrothermal zones and tungsten-bearing quartz veins are located along the NE-SW lineaments or shear zone. Gold-related NE-SW trending Djouzami shear zone is also proposed. The NE-SW structure constitute certainly pathway for mineralizing fluids and ground water circulation, and control tungsten mineralization. Results proposed in this work provide important information for research of characteristic hydrothermal minerals assemblage that accompany tungsten mineralization, and for identify structures that control this mineralization in the area.
},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Prospecting Tungsten (Scheelite) Mineralization in the Djouzami Area (Adamawa Cameroon) Using Ultra-Violet (UV) Fluorescence and Landsat-8 OLI Images AU - Yingyang Wanbitching Raoul AU - Nomo Negue Emmanuel AU - Nguihdama Dagwaï AU - Ayiwouo Ngounouno Mouhamed AU - Mbowou Gbambie Isaac Bertrand AU - Ngounouno Ismaïla Y1 - 2024/06/27 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20241303.12 DO - 10.11648/j.earth.20241303.12 T2 - Earth Sciences JF - Earth Sciences JO - Earth Sciences SP - 97 EP - 115 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-5982 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20241303.12 AB - Remote sensing technology and X-rays fluorescence are largely used in the applied geology field. In this study, we combine field observations and petrography, remote sensing applications through the processing of the Landsat-8 OLI, and Ultra-violet fluorescence to map geological structures, hydrothermal alteration minerals, and characterize tungsten mineralization in the Djouzami area (Adamawa, Cameroon). Landsat-8 OLI satellite imagery, was processed to detect both hydrothermal alteration zones and regional structural lineaments associated with tungsten mineralization. Fieldworks and petrography revealed hydrothermal mineral assemblage made of muscovite, chlorite, tourmaline, hematite, calcite and sericite associated to metallic minerals including tungsten and pyrite hosted in quartz veins. This hydrothermal mineral assemblage is also identified in the gold-bearing quartz veins reported in several areas along the Lom group. Band Ratio (BR) and Principal component analysis (PCA) were implemented to extract spectral information related to alteration minerals. The Band Ratios 6/7, 4/2, and 6/5 have permits to map clay, iron oxide/hydroxides, and ferrous minerals, respectively. This study demonstrates the significant potential of fieldwork and multispectral remote sensing data processing for tungsten prospecting as a mineral exploration technique in the Djouzami region. The mapping led to the detection of 1334 lineaments which show four main directions. The ENE-WSW directions corresponds to the trending of the Sanaga shear zone; the NE-SW direction represents the trending of the Djouzami and the Bétaré-Oya shear zones or the main shear zone which underline the Lom group; the N-S and E-W directions are equivalent to the trending of the foliation in the Meiganga area. Most of the high hydrothermal zones and tungsten-bearing quartz veins are located along the NE-SW lineaments or shear zone. Gold-related NE-SW trending Djouzami shear zone is also proposed. The NE-SW structure constitute certainly pathway for mineralizing fluids and ground water circulation, and control tungsten mineralization. Results proposed in this work provide important information for research of characteristic hydrothermal minerals assemblage that accompany tungsten mineralization, and for identify structures that control this mineralization in the area. VL - 13 IS - 3 ER -
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
Department of Earth Sciences, School of Higher Education, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
School of Geology and Mining Engineering, University of Ngaoundere, Meiganga, Cameroon
School of Geology and Mining Engineering, University of Ngaoundere, Meiganga, Cameroon
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
Figure 1. (A) Geology of West-central Africa and northern Brazil in a Gondwana (pre-drift) reconstruction (modified from [68, 71]. Thick line, boundary of the two continents: (1) Phanerozoic cover; (2) Neoproterozoic formations; (3) Regions of Brasiliano/Panafrican deformation in which Palaeoproterozoic basement is absent or only present as small isolated blocks; (4) Regions of Brasiliano/Panafrican deformation with large amounts of reworked Palaeoproterozoic basement; (5) cratons. (B) Geological map of Cameroon (after [68]. The Lom group is represented by a yellow rectangle. KCF (Kribi-Campo fault); SSZ (Sanaga shear zone); CCSZ (Central Cameroon shear zone); TBSZ (Tcholliré-Banyo shear zone); MNSZ (Mayo Nolti shear zone) and GGSZ (Godé-Gormaya shear zone). (1) volcanic rokcs (Tertiary to recent); (2) Post-Panafrican sedimentary cover; (3) Syn- to Post-tectonic granitoids (500-600Ma); (4) Pre- to syn-tectonic orthogneisses (600-660Ma); (5) Meso- to Neoproterozoic volcano-sedimentary belt (700-1000Ma; (6) Yokadouma and Dja series (age unknown); (7) Palaeoproterozoic gneiss and orthogneiss (2100Ma) and (8) Ntem Complex (3000Ma). (C) Structural map of the Lom Group [72]. Monocyclic units associated to grabens: (a) orthogneiss; (b) Lom volcaniclastic series; (c) polygenic conglomerates; (d) Mari quartzites. Polycyclic units: (e) staurolite micaschists; (f) Lom bridge gneisses; (g) staurolite and chloritoid ductile mylonites. Intrusions with uncertain structural position: (h) granites (G2); (i) granites and monzonites; (j) metalamprophyres (modified after [47]). Inset: location of the Lom Group as an extensional relay zone between two en- echelon segments of the Sanaga fault; the opening of this basin corresponds to sinistral shear movement along these major faults. The study area is indicated in Figure 1C by the red rectangle.
Figure 2. Photography and microphotography of the rocks from Djouzami. (a) tungsten-bearing quartz vein with NE-SW trends, cross-cutting orthogneiss; (b) Blue fluorescence of tungsten (scheelite) in the quartz vein sample; (c) Hematization of quartz vein; (d) Tungsten (scheelite)-iron oxide association in the quartz vein sample; (e) Massive sulphide-iron oxide association in the quartz vein sample; (f, g) Epidote and chlorite Hydrothermal in amphibolite; (h, i) Muscovite-epidote-calcite Hydrothermal in orthogneiss; (j) Muscovitization in mylonitic gneiss; (k) Sericitization in metagranite; (l) Muscovitization in metagranite.
Figure 3. Map of the hydrothermal alteration zones from the Djouzami (extract from the Landsat 8 image). (a) Map showing areas of abundance of iron oxides; (b) Map showing areas of abundance of ferrous minerals; (c) Map showing areas of abundance of clay and carbonate minerals; (d) Map from the Sabin 1999 report showing zones of hydrothermal alteration.
Figure 4. Sobel directional filter map of Djouzami lineaments (extracted from Landsat 8, ACP1 image). (a) Directional Sobel filter map of N-S lineaments; (b) Directional Sobel filter map of NE-SW lineaments; (c) Directional Sobel filter map of E-W lineaments; (d) Directional Sobel filter map of NW-SE lineaments.
Figure 5. Rose direction diagram of Djouzami Sobel directional filter lineaments. (a) Rose diagram of N-S lineaments; (b) Rose lineament diagram; (c) Rose diagram of E-W lineaments; (d) Rose diagram of NW-SE lineaments.
Figure 7. Rose summary diagram of the direction of Djouzami lineaments.
