Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Bark of <i>Tabernaemontena pachysiphon</i> Stapf

Duru C. M.; Anyadoh-Nwadike S. O.; Okechukwu R. I.

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12

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Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Bark of Tabernaemontena pachysiphon Stapf

Duru C. M., Anyadoh-Nwadike S. O., Okechukwu R. I.

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 3, Issue 5-1)

Received: 7 June 2015 Accepted: 14 June 2015 Published: 2 September 2015

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Abstract

Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities of hot water, hot and cold ethanol ethanolic extracts of the bark of Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Stapf. were assayed, using standard techniques. Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), Serratia marcescens ( S. marcescens ), Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ), Alternaria solani ( A. solani ), Aspergillius niger ( A. niger )and Penicilium notatum ( P. notatum ) were used as the challenge / test organism. Agar well and paper disc diffusion techniques were adopted. Results showed that the bacteria; E. coli, S. marcescens, S. aureus , were susceptible to both hot water and hot ethanol extracts respectively with zones of inhibition as follows: E. coli (9, 12 mm) and (10, 15 mm), S. marcescen (9, 9 mm) and (9, 12 mm), S. aureus (8, 9mm) and (9, 10mm), respectively. The fungus; P notatum was susceptible to hot water, hot and cold ethanol extracts (7.5, 8, 8mm) and (7, 7.5, 7 mm). A. solani and A. niger were resistant to the bioactivity of the extracts. The presence of active principles; alkaloids, anthraquinone, cardiac glycosides, poly phenol, saponins and tannins detected via the phytochemical screening may be responsible for the antimicrobial activities of the extracts.

Published in	Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 3, Issue 5-1) This article belongs to the Special Issue Who Is Afraid of the Microbes
DOI	10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12
Page(s)	8-13
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Stem Bark, Tabernaemontana pachysiphon, Bacteria, Fungus, Antimicrobial Activity, Phytochemical Analysis

References

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[10]	C. M Duru, T. I. Mbata, P. Ogu and U. Iheagwam, “The Antimicrobial activities and phytochemical screening of ethanolic leaf extracts of Hedranthera barteri and Tabernaemontana pachysiphon,” World Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 10 issue 1, pp 1549-1553, 2009.
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[16]	C. Akujobi, B. N. Anyanwu, C. Onyeze and V. I. Ibekwe, “Antibacterial activities and preliminary phytochemical screening of four medicinal plants,” J. Appl. Sci., vol 7, issue 3, pp. 4328 – 4338, 2004.
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[18]	C. M. Duru and B. E. Okoli, “Invitro Antimicrobial Assay and Phytochemical Analysis of aqueous and Ethanolic fruit Extracts of Voacanga Africana,” Int. J. Env. Health & Human Dev. vol. 10, issue 1, pp. 24-30, 2009.
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Duru C. M., Anyadoh-Nwadike S. O., Okechukwu R. I. (2015). Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Bark of Tabernaemontena pachysiphon Stapf. Science Journal of Public Health, 3(5-1), 8-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12

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ACS Style

Duru C. M.; Anyadoh-Nwadike S. O.; Okechukwu R. I. Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Bark of Tabernaemontena pachysiphon Stapf. Sci. J. Public Health 2015, 3(5-1), 8-13. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12

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AMA Style

Duru C. M., Anyadoh-Nwadike S. O., Okechukwu R. I. Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Bark of Tabernaemontena pachysiphon Stapf. Sci J Public Health. 2015;3(5-1):8-13. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12,
  author = {Duru C. M. and Anyadoh-Nwadike S. O. and Okechukwu R. I.},
  title = {Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Bark of Tabernaemontena pachysiphon Stapf},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5-1},
  pages = {8-13},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.s.2015030501.12},
  abstract = {Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities of hot water, hot and cold ethanol ethanolic extracts of the bark of  Tabernaemontana pachysiphon  Stapf. were assayed, using standard techniques.  Escherichia coli  ( E. coli ),  Serratia marcescens  ( S. marcescens ),  Staphylococcus aureus  ( S. aureus ),  Alternaria solani  ( A. solani ),  Aspergillius niger  ( A. niger )and  Penicilium notatum  ( P. notatum ) were used as the challenge / test organism. Agar well and paper disc diffusion techniques were adopted. Results showed that the bacteria;  E. coli, S. marcescens, S. aureus , were susceptible to both hot water and hot ethanol extracts respectively with zones of inhibition as follows:  E. coli  (9, 12 mm) and (10, 15 mm),  S. marcescen  (9, 9 mm) and (9, 12 mm),  S. aureus  (8, 9mm) and (9, 10mm), respectively. The fungus;  P notatum  was susceptible to hot water, hot and cold ethanol extracts (7.5, 8, 8mm) and (7, 7.5, 7 mm).  A. solani  and A. niger  were resistant to the bioactivity of the extracts. The presence of active principles; alkaloids, anthraquinone, cardiac glycosides, poly phenol, saponins and tannins detected via the phytochemical screening may be responsible for the antimicrobial activities of the extracts.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Bark of Tabernaemontena pachysiphon Stapf
AU  - Duru C. M.
AU  - Anyadoh-Nwadike S. O.
AU  - Okechukwu R. I.
Y1  - 2015/09/02
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 8
EP  - 13
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12
AB  - Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities of hot water, hot and cold ethanol ethanolic extracts of the bark of  Tabernaemontana pachysiphon  Stapf. were assayed, using standard techniques.  Escherichia coli  ( E. coli ),  Serratia marcescens  ( S. marcescens ),  Staphylococcus aureus  ( S. aureus ),  Alternaria solani  ( A. solani ),  Aspergillius niger  ( A. niger )and  Penicilium notatum  ( P. notatum ) were used as the challenge / test organism. Agar well and paper disc diffusion techniques were adopted. Results showed that the bacteria;  E. coli, S. marcescens, S. aureus , were susceptible to both hot water and hot ethanol extracts respectively with zones of inhibition as follows:  E. coli  (9, 12 mm) and (10, 15 mm),  S. marcescen  (9, 9 mm) and (9, 12 mm),  S. aureus  (8, 9mm) and (9, 10mm), respectively. The fungus;  P notatum  was susceptible to hot water, hot and cold ethanol extracts (7.5, 8, 8mm) and (7, 7.5, 7 mm).  A. solani  and A. niger  were resistant to the bioactivity of the extracts. The presence of active principles; alkaloids, anthraquinone, cardiac glycosides, poly phenol, saponins and tannins detected via the phytochemical screening may be responsible for the antimicrobial activities of the extracts.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5-1
ER  -

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Author Information

Duru C. M.

Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Anyadoh-Nwadike S. O.

Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Okechukwu R. I.

Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

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Duru C. M., Anyadoh-Nwadike S. O., Okechukwu R. I. (2015). Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Bark of Tabernaemontena pachysiphon Stapf. Science Journal of Public Health, 3(5-1), 8-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12

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ACS Style

Duru C. M.; Anyadoh-Nwadike S. O.; Okechukwu R. I. Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Bark of Tabernaemontena pachysiphon Stapf. Sci. J. Public Health 2015, 3(5-1), 8-13. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12

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AMA Style

Duru C. M., Anyadoh-Nwadike S. O., Okechukwu R. I. Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Bark of Tabernaemontena pachysiphon Stapf. Sci J Public Health. 2015;3(5-1):8-13. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12,
  author = {Duru C. M. and Anyadoh-Nwadike S. O. and Okechukwu R. I.},
  title = {Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Bark of Tabernaemontena pachysiphon Stapf},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5-1},
  pages = {8-13},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.s.2015030501.12},
  abstract = {Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities of hot water, hot and cold ethanol ethanolic extracts of the bark of  Tabernaemontana pachysiphon  Stapf. were assayed, using standard techniques.  Escherichia coli  ( E. coli ),  Serratia marcescens  ( S. marcescens ),  Staphylococcus aureus  ( S. aureus ),  Alternaria solani  ( A. solani ),  Aspergillius niger  ( A. niger )and  Penicilium notatum  ( P. notatum ) were used as the challenge / test organism. Agar well and paper disc diffusion techniques were adopted. Results showed that the bacteria;  E. coli, S. marcescens, S. aureus , were susceptible to both hot water and hot ethanol extracts respectively with zones of inhibition as follows:  E. coli  (9, 12 mm) and (10, 15 mm),  S. marcescen  (9, 9 mm) and (9, 12 mm),  S. aureus  (8, 9mm) and (9, 10mm), respectively. The fungus;  P notatum  was susceptible to hot water, hot and cold ethanol extracts (7.5, 8, 8mm) and (7, 7.5, 7 mm).  A. solani  and A. niger  were resistant to the bioactivity of the extracts. The presence of active principles; alkaloids, anthraquinone, cardiac glycosides, poly phenol, saponins and tannins detected via the phytochemical screening may be responsible for the antimicrobial activities of the extracts.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Bark of Tabernaemontena pachysiphon Stapf
AU  - Duru C. M.
AU  - Anyadoh-Nwadike S. O.
AU  - Okechukwu R. I.
Y1  - 2015/09/02
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 8
EP  - 13
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.12
AB  - Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities of hot water, hot and cold ethanol ethanolic extracts of the bark of  Tabernaemontana pachysiphon  Stapf. were assayed, using standard techniques.  Escherichia coli  ( E. coli ),  Serratia marcescens  ( S. marcescens ),  Staphylococcus aureus  ( S. aureus ),  Alternaria solani  ( A. solani ),  Aspergillius niger  ( A. niger )and  Penicilium notatum  ( P. notatum ) were used as the challenge / test organism. Agar well and paper disc diffusion techniques were adopted. Results showed that the bacteria;  E. coli, S. marcescens, S. aureus , were susceptible to both hot water and hot ethanol extracts respectively with zones of inhibition as follows:  E. coli  (9, 12 mm) and (10, 15 mm),  S. marcescen  (9, 9 mm) and (9, 12 mm),  S. aureus  (8, 9mm) and (9, 10mm), respectively. The fungus;  P notatum  was susceptible to hot water, hot and cold ethanol extracts (7.5, 8, 8mm) and (7, 7.5, 7 mm).  A. solani  and A. niger  were resistant to the bioactivity of the extracts. The presence of active principles; alkaloids, anthraquinone, cardiac glycosides, poly phenol, saponins and tannins detected via the phytochemical screening may be responsible for the antimicrobial activities of the extracts.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5-1
ER  -

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