Bioactive Propolis and Bone Loss Reduction in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Hypogonadal Osteoporosis

Aiman Al-Qtaitat; Said Al-Dalaen; Samir Mahgoub; Mohammad Al-Rawashdeh; Jean E. Aaron

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15

| Peer-Reviewed

Bioactive Propolis and Bone Loss Reduction in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Hypogonadal Osteoporosis

Aiman Al-Qtaitat, Said Al-Dalaen, Samir Mahgoub, Mohammad Al-Rawashdeh, Jean E. Aaron

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 2, Issue 6)

Received: 13 November 2014 Accepted: 28 November 2014 Published: 2 December 2014

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Osteoporosis particularly affects post-menopausal women for which the ovariectomized (OVX) rat is an established model and validation tool for agents of bone loss prevention. Objective: The potency of the natural substance propolis was investigated with regard to bone loss in ovariectomized animals. Methods: The complex chemical nature of propolis extract was confirmed by HPLC. Adult female albino rats (n=70; weight 150 – 200 gm), all ovariectomized at 24 weeks were randomly divided into controls (Group I, n=35; OVX/ H2O-supplement), for comparison with treatment (Group II, n=35; OVX/ propolis-supplement) administered as 400 mg of propolis/kg daily for 9 weeks. Blood biochemical analysis included serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), with serum osteocalcin (OC) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Urine biochemical analysis measured Ca, P and creatinine (Cr). In addition, the corresponding densitometry of bone status comprised the bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) at the proximal, distal and total femur by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA; PIXImus), while the morphometry of the femoral shaft thickness was determined in longitudinal sections using an automated image analyzer. Results: A total of 27 compounds including flavonoids was identified in the propolis extract by HPLC. In comparison with OVX controls the skeleton was more substantial morphometrically in the animals receiving propolis, in terms of femoral shaft width (p<0.01) and BMD and BMC (p< 0.01). Simultaneously, the urine biochemical indices of Ca, P, Cr and Ca:Cr were significantly reduced (p<0.01) by propolis, while serum TRAP (an index of bone resorption) was also significantly lower (p<0.05), as were serum OC and ALP (indices of bone formation; p<0.05). Conclusion: Propolis is chemically complex and statistically bioactive in the oestrogen-deficient rodent, maintaining bone mass by reducing remodeling possibly by interaction with oestrogen receptors.

Published in	American Journal of BioScience (Volume 2, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15
Page(s)	217-221
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis, Rat Femoral Densitometry, Biochemical Remodelling Indices, Propolis Constituents, Bone Loss Reduction, Bone Turnover Reduction

References

[1]	Hassan, W. N. and Saed, A. M. (2011): Protective effect of anise fruit (pimpinella anisum) against osteoporosis in a rat model. Am. J. Biomed. Sci., 3(1), 49-56
[2]	Prelevic, G. M., Kocjan, T. and Markou, A. M. (2005): Hormone replacement therapy in.??
[3]	Wiseman, R. (2004): A review of the animal models used to investigate the health benefits of Soy isoflavones. J. Clin. Epidemiol., 57: 766-772
[4]	Kuehn, B. M. (2009): Long-term risks of bisphosphonates probed. JAMA., 301: 710-711
[5]	Melton, L. (2003): Bring back the acetyls- a novel anticancer movement. Lancet Oncol., 4: 710
[6]	Brezinski, A. and Debi, A. (1999): Phytoestrogens: the natural selective estrogen receptor modulators. Eur. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., 85: 47-51
[7]	Horcajada-Molteni, M. N., Crespy, V., Coxam, V., Davicco, M. J., Remesy, C. and Barlet, J. P. (2000): Rutin inhibits ovariectomy-induced osteopenia in rats. J. Bone Miner. Res., 15: 2251-2258
[8]	Wagh VD. Propolis: A wonder bees product and its pharmacological potential. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences. Volume 2013,1-11
[9]	Bankova, V. (2005): Recent trends and important developments in propolis research. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine eCAM 2(1): 29-32
[10]	Abd El Hady, F. K., Hegazi, A. G. and Wollenweber, E. (2007): Effect of Egyptian propolis on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification and antiviral activity with special emphasis on chemical composition. Z. Natureforschc 62: 645-655
[11]	Abd El Hady, F. K., El Hawary, S., Shaker, K. H. and Salah, N. M. (2010): In vitro cytotoxic effect of Egyptian propolis on human colon, liver, breast and cervix carcinoma cell lines. 2nd International Mugla Beekeeping and Pine Honey Congress in Mugla, Turkey from 5-8 October 2010” p 199-209
[12]	Song, Y. S., Jin, C., Jung, K. j. and Park, E. H. (2002): Estrogenic effects of ethanol and ether extracts of propolis. J. of Ethnopharmacology 82: 89-95
[13]	Thompson, D. D., Simmons, H. A., Pirie, C. M. and Ke, H. Z. (1995): FDA Guidelines and animal models for osteoporosis. Bone, 17: 125S-133S
[14]	Hegazi, A. G. and Abd El Hady, F. K. (2009): Influence of honey on the suppression of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) peroxidation in vitro. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine eCAM, 6: 113-121
[15]	Ogan, K. and Katz, E. (1981): Liquid chromatographic separation of alkyl phenols with fluorescence and ultraviolet detection. Anal. Chem., 53: 160-163
[16]	Reeves, P. G., Nielsen, F. H. and Fahey, G. C. Jr. (1993): AIN-93M purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition and Ad Hoc writing Committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A diet. J. Nutr., 123: 1939-1951
[17]	Usui, T. (2006): Pharmaceutical prospects of Phytoestrogens. Endocrinol. J., 53: 7-20
[18]	Ravn, P., Cizza, G., Bjarnason, N. H., Thompson, D., Daley, M., Wasnich, R. D., McClung, M., Hosking, D., Yates, A. J. and Christiansen, C. (1999): Low body mass index is an important risk factor for low bone mass and increased bone loss in early postmenopausal women. J. Bone Miner. Res., 14:1622-1627
[19]	Chaillurkit, L. O., Suthutvoravut, U., Mahachoklertwattana, P., Charoenkiatkul, S. and Rajatanavin, R. (2005): Biochemical markers of bone formation in Thai children and adolescents. Endocr. Res., 31: 159-169
[20]	Li, Z., Kong, K. and Qi, W. (2006): Osteoclast and its roles in calcium metabolism and bone development and remodeling. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 343: 345-50
[21]	Xie, F., Wu, C. F., Lai, W. P., Yang, X. J., Cheung, P. Y., Yao, X. S., Leung, C. P., Yao, X. S., Leung, P. C. and Wong, M. S. (2005): The osteoprotective effect of Herbapimedii (HEP) extract in vivo and in vitro. eCAM 2: 353-361
[22]	Gertz, B. J., Shao, P. and Hanson, U. A., Quan, H., Harris, S. T., Genant, H. K., Chesnut, C. H. and Eyre, D. R. (1994): Monitoring bone resorption in early postmenopausal women by an immunoassay for cross-linked collagen peptides in urine. J. Bone Miner. Res., 9: 135-142
[23]	Hodgkinson, A., Aaron, JE, Horsman, A, McLachlan, MSF and Nordin, BEC. (1978). Effect of oophorectomy and calcium deprivation on bone mass in the rat. Clin. Sci.& Molecular Med. 54: 439-446.
[24]	Hordon, L.D., Itoda, M., Shore, P.A., Shore, R.C., Heald, M., Brown, M., Kanis, J.A., Rodan, G.A. and Aaron, J.E. (2006). Preservation of thoracic spine microarchitecture by alendronate: comparison of histology and microCT. Bone 38, 444-449.
[25]	Lerner, U. H. (2006): Bone remodeling in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J. Dent. Res., 85: 584-595
[26]	Nakamura, T. Y., Imai, T., Matsumoto, S., Sato, K., Takeuchi, K., Igarashi, Y., Harada, Y., Azuma, Y., Krust, A., Yamamoto, Y., Nishina, H., Takeda, S., Takayanagi, H., Metzger, D., Kanno, J., Takaoka, K., Martin, T. J., Chambon, P. and Kato, S. (2007): Estrogen prevents bone loss via estrogen receptor alpha and induction of Fas-ligand in osteoclasts. Cell 130: 811-823
[27]	Zava, D. T., Dollbaum, C. M. and Blen, M. (1998): Estrogen and progestin bioactivity of foods, herbs and spices. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 217: 369-378
[28]	Heikkinen, A. M., Parviainen, M. and Niskanen, L., Komulainen, M., Tuppurainen, M. T., Kroger, H. and Sarrikoski, S. (1997): Biochemical bone markers and bone mineral density during postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy with and without vitamin D3: a prospective, controlled randomized study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82: 2476-2482
[29]	Aaron, J.E., de Vernejoul, M-C, Kanis, J.A. (1991). The effect of sodium fluoride on trabecular architecture. Bone 12, 307-310.
[30]	Aaron, J.E., de Vernejoul, M-C, Kanis, J.A. (1992). Bone hypertrophy and trabecular generation in Paget’s disease and in fluoride-treated osteoporosis. Bone and Min. 17, 399-413.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Aiman Al-Qtaitat, Said Al-Dalaen, Samir Mahgoub, Mohammad Al-Rawashdeh, Jean E. Aaron. (2014). Bioactive Propolis and Bone Loss Reduction in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Hypogonadal Osteoporosis. American Journal of BioScience, 2(6), 217-221. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Aiman Al-Qtaitat; Said Al-Dalaen; Samir Mahgoub; Mohammad Al-Rawashdeh; Jean E. Aaron. Bioactive Propolis and Bone Loss Reduction in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Hypogonadal Osteoporosis. Am. J. BioScience 2014, 2(6), 217-221. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Aiman Al-Qtaitat, Said Al-Dalaen, Samir Mahgoub, Mohammad Al-Rawashdeh, Jean E. Aaron. Bioactive Propolis and Bone Loss Reduction in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Hypogonadal Osteoporosis. Am J BioScience. 2014;2(6):217-221. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15,
  author = {Aiman Al-Qtaitat and Said Al-Dalaen and Samir Mahgoub and Mohammad Al-Rawashdeh and Jean E. Aaron},
  title = {Bioactive Propolis and Bone Loss Reduction in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Hypogonadal Osteoporosis},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {217-221},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20140206.15},
  abstract = {Osteoporosis particularly affects post-menopausal women for which the ovariectomized (OVX) rat is an established model and validation tool for agents of bone loss prevention. Objective: The potency of the natural substance propolis was investigated with regard to bone loss in ovariectomized animals. Methods: The complex chemical nature of propolis extract was confirmed by HPLC. Adult female albino rats (n=70; weight 150 – 200 gm), all ovariectomized at 24 weeks were randomly divided into controls (Group I, n=35; OVX/ H2O-supplement), for comparison with treatment (Group II, n=35; OVX/ propolis-supplement) administered as 400 mg of propolis/kg daily for 9 weeks. Blood biochemical analysis included serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), with serum osteocalcin (OC) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Urine biochemical analysis measured Ca, P and creatinine (Cr). In addition, the corresponding densitometry of bone status comprised the bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) at the proximal, distal and total femur by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA; PIXImus), while the morphometry of the femoral shaft thickness was determined in longitudinal sections using an automated image analyzer. Results: A total of 27 compounds including flavonoids was identified in the propolis extract by HPLC. In comparison with OVX controls the skeleton was more substantial morphometrically in the animals receiving propolis, in terms of femoral shaft width (p<0.01) and BMD and BMC (p< 0.01). Simultaneously, the urine biochemical indices of Ca, P, Cr and Ca:Cr were significantly reduced (p<0.01) by propolis, while serum TRAP (an index of bone resorption) was also significantly lower (p<0.05), as were serum OC and ALP (indices of bone formation; p<0.05). Conclusion: Propolis is chemically complex and statistically bioactive in the oestrogen-deficient rodent, maintaining bone mass by reducing remodeling possibly by interaction with oestrogen receptors.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Bioactive Propolis and Bone Loss Reduction in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Hypogonadal Osteoporosis
AU  - Aiman Al-Qtaitat
AU  - Said Al-Dalaen
AU  - Samir Mahgoub
AU  - Mohammad Al-Rawashdeh
AU  - Jean E. Aaron
Y1  - 2014/12/02
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 217
EP  - 221
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15
AB  - Osteoporosis particularly affects post-menopausal women for which the ovariectomized (OVX) rat is an established model and validation tool for agents of bone loss prevention. Objective: The potency of the natural substance propolis was investigated with regard to bone loss in ovariectomized animals. Methods: The complex chemical nature of propolis extract was confirmed by HPLC. Adult female albino rats (n=70; weight 150 – 200 gm), all ovariectomized at 24 weeks were randomly divided into controls (Group I, n=35; OVX/ H2O-supplement), for comparison with treatment (Group II, n=35; OVX/ propolis-supplement) administered as 400 mg of propolis/kg daily for 9 weeks. Blood biochemical analysis included serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), with serum osteocalcin (OC) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Urine biochemical analysis measured Ca, P and creatinine (Cr). In addition, the corresponding densitometry of bone status comprised the bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) at the proximal, distal and total femur by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA; PIXImus), while the morphometry of the femoral shaft thickness was determined in longitudinal sections using an automated image analyzer. Results: A total of 27 compounds including flavonoids was identified in the propolis extract by HPLC. In comparison with OVX controls the skeleton was more substantial morphometrically in the animals receiving propolis, in terms of femoral shaft width (p<0.01) and BMD and BMC (p< 0.01). Simultaneously, the urine biochemical indices of Ca, P, Cr and Ca:Cr were significantly reduced (p<0.01) by propolis, while serum TRAP (an index of bone resorption) was also significantly lower (p<0.05), as were serum OC and ALP (indices of bone formation; p<0.05). Conclusion: Propolis is chemically complex and statistically bioactive in the oestrogen-deficient rodent, maintaining bone mass by reducing remodeling possibly by interaction with oestrogen receptors.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Aiman Al-Qtaitat

Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan
Said Al-Dalaen

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan
Samir Mahgoub

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan
Mohammad Al-Rawashdeh

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alkarak Governmental Hospital, Karak, Jordan
Jean E. Aaron

School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Aiman Al-Qtaitat, Said Al-Dalaen, Samir Mahgoub, Mohammad Al-Rawashdeh, Jean E. Aaron. (2014). Bioactive Propolis and Bone Loss Reduction in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Hypogonadal Osteoporosis. American Journal of BioScience, 2(6), 217-221. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Aiman Al-Qtaitat; Said Al-Dalaen; Samir Mahgoub; Mohammad Al-Rawashdeh; Jean E. Aaron. Bioactive Propolis and Bone Loss Reduction in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Hypogonadal Osteoporosis. Am. J. BioScience 2014, 2(6), 217-221. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Aiman Al-Qtaitat, Said Al-Dalaen, Samir Mahgoub, Mohammad Al-Rawashdeh, Jean E. Aaron. Bioactive Propolis and Bone Loss Reduction in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Hypogonadal Osteoporosis. Am J BioScience. 2014;2(6):217-221. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15,
  author = {Aiman Al-Qtaitat and Said Al-Dalaen and Samir Mahgoub and Mohammad Al-Rawashdeh and Jean E. Aaron},
  title = {Bioactive Propolis and Bone Loss Reduction in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Hypogonadal Osteoporosis},
  journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {217-221},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20140206.15},
  abstract = {Osteoporosis particularly affects post-menopausal women for which the ovariectomized (OVX) rat is an established model and validation tool for agents of bone loss prevention. Objective: The potency of the natural substance propolis was investigated with regard to bone loss in ovariectomized animals. Methods: The complex chemical nature of propolis extract was confirmed by HPLC. Adult female albino rats (n=70; weight 150 – 200 gm), all ovariectomized at 24 weeks were randomly divided into controls (Group I, n=35; OVX/ H2O-supplement), for comparison with treatment (Group II, n=35; OVX/ propolis-supplement) administered as 400 mg of propolis/kg daily for 9 weeks. Blood biochemical analysis included serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), with serum osteocalcin (OC) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Urine biochemical analysis measured Ca, P and creatinine (Cr). In addition, the corresponding densitometry of bone status comprised the bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) at the proximal, distal and total femur by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA; PIXImus), while the morphometry of the femoral shaft thickness was determined in longitudinal sections using an automated image analyzer. Results: A total of 27 compounds including flavonoids was identified in the propolis extract by HPLC. In comparison with OVX controls the skeleton was more substantial morphometrically in the animals receiving propolis, in terms of femoral shaft width (p<0.01) and BMD and BMC (p< 0.01). Simultaneously, the urine biochemical indices of Ca, P, Cr and Ca:Cr were significantly reduced (p<0.01) by propolis, while serum TRAP (an index of bone resorption) was also significantly lower (p<0.05), as were serum OC and ALP (indices of bone formation; p<0.05). Conclusion: Propolis is chemically complex and statistically bioactive in the oestrogen-deficient rodent, maintaining bone mass by reducing remodeling possibly by interaction with oestrogen receptors.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Bioactive Propolis and Bone Loss Reduction in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Hypogonadal Osteoporosis
AU  - Aiman Al-Qtaitat
AU  - Said Al-Dalaen
AU  - Samir Mahgoub
AU  - Mohammad Al-Rawashdeh
AU  - Jean E. Aaron
Y1  - 2014/12/02
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15
T2  - American Journal of BioScience
JF  - American Journal of BioScience
JO  - American Journal of BioScience
SP  - 217
EP  - 221
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0167
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20140206.15
AB  - Osteoporosis particularly affects post-menopausal women for which the ovariectomized (OVX) rat is an established model and validation tool for agents of bone loss prevention. Objective: The potency of the natural substance propolis was investigated with regard to bone loss in ovariectomized animals. Methods: The complex chemical nature of propolis extract was confirmed by HPLC. Adult female albino rats (n=70; weight 150 – 200 gm), all ovariectomized at 24 weeks were randomly divided into controls (Group I, n=35; OVX/ H2O-supplement), for comparison with treatment (Group II, n=35; OVX/ propolis-supplement) administered as 400 mg of propolis/kg daily for 9 weeks. Blood biochemical analysis included serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), with serum osteocalcin (OC) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Urine biochemical analysis measured Ca, P and creatinine (Cr). In addition, the corresponding densitometry of bone status comprised the bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) at the proximal, distal and total femur by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA; PIXImus), while the morphometry of the femoral shaft thickness was determined in longitudinal sections using an automated image analyzer. Results: A total of 27 compounds including flavonoids was identified in the propolis extract by HPLC. In comparison with OVX controls the skeleton was more substantial morphometrically in the animals receiving propolis, in terms of femoral shaft width (p<0.01) and BMD and BMC (p< 0.01). Simultaneously, the urine biochemical indices of Ca, P, Cr and Ca:Cr were significantly reduced (p<0.01) by propolis, while serum TRAP (an index of bone resorption) was also significantly lower (p<0.05), as were serum OC and ALP (indices of bone formation; p<0.05). Conclusion: Propolis is chemically complex and statistically bioactive in the oestrogen-deficient rodent, maintaining bone mass by reducing remodeling possibly by interaction with oestrogen receptors.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download