Use of sewage water for irrigation improved chemical properties and fertility status in soil. Sewage water contains elements essential for plant growth and also contains heavy metals which may be toxic for animals if their concentration exceeds than permissible limit. To monitor this situation, a survey was conducted to ascertain the addition of heavy metals into agricultural fields through sewage water irrigation for grass crop in the farmlands of selected areas of Vidyaranyapuram in Mysore city. The results indicated that in sewage water the permissible amounts of total N, total P and potassium which are considered essential nutrients for productivity levels (grass growth) and soil fertility. The concentrations of heavy metals in the sewage water were in the proposed Food and Agriculture Organization range. The analysis showed that in soil concentration the irrigation with sewage water (SW) and treated sewage water (TSW) induces significant (P<0.05) decrease of soil pH when compared to MW and control treatment GW. The SW and TSW affect significantly the EC Indeed, in comparison with groundwater (GW), EC is greater with SW and TSW treatment. For Major elements contents and fertilizer as observed in the irrigation with SW led to a significant increase of Ca, Na, N, P, K and SO4 in comparison with the control ground water (GW). For Cl, in irrigation with SW has no effect on the Cl of soil. For heavy metals in comparison to the standard, the SW has no a significant (P < 0.05) effect in all elements except significant increase was noticed for Fe. In the grass, our investigation showed that irrigation with SW reuse led to a significant increase (P< 0.05) of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na contents. Heavy metals shown in grass irrigated with sewage water (SW) caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb as compared to irrigated ground water (GW). Where was no significant effect in growth of the grass as shown for heavy metals concentrations as Cd, Ni, Co and Cr.
| Published in | American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 3, Issue 5) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.22 |
| Page(s) | 283-291 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Heavy Metals, Irrigation, Sewage Water, Grass, Soil
| [1] | Antil, R. S., 2012. Impact of Sewage and Industrial Effluents on Soil-Plant Health, Industrial Waste, Prof. Kuan-Yeow Show (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0253-3, InTech. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/industrial-waste/impact-of-sewer-water-and-industrial-wastewaters-on-soilplant-health. |
| [2] | Mitra, A., Gupta, S.K., 1999. Effect of sewage water irrigation on essential plant nutrient and element status in vegetable growing areas around Calcutta. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science, 47: 99-105. |
| [3] | Sulthana, A., Latha, K.C., Ramya, R., Sridhar, R., Balasubramanian, S., 2013. Factor Analysis and Discriminant Analysis of Wastewater Quality in Vidyaranyapuram Sewage Treatment Plant, Mysore, India: A Case Study. Environmental & Analytical Toxicology. 3-7. |
| [4] | Ghafoor, A., Rauf, A., Arif, M., Muzaffar, W., 1995. Chemical composition of effluent from different industries of the Faisalabad city. Pak. J. Agric. Sci., 31: (4) 367-369. |
| [5] | Aljaloud, A.A., 2010. Reuse of wastewater for irrigation in Saudi Arabia and its effect on soil and plant. Paper presented in 2010 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World 1 – 6 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia. 163-166. |
| [6] | Ramesh, M., 2003. Soil and water resource characteristics in relation to land disposal of sewage effluents and suitability of sewage water for irrigation. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad. |
| [7] | Ambika, S. R., Ambica, P. K., Govindaiah., 2010. Crop growth and soil properties affected by sweage water irrigation a review. Agril Reviews. 31 (3): 203-209. |
| [8] | Darvishi, H.H., Manshouri, M., Farahani, H.A., 2010. The effect of irrigation by domestic wastewater on soil properties. J. Soil Sci. Environ. Manag. 1(2):030-033. |
| [9] | Ali, K., Javid, M.A., Javid, M., 1996. Pollution and industrial waste. 6th National Congress Soil Sci., Lahore. 122-131. |
| [10] | Malla, R., Tanaka, Y., Mori, K., Totawat, K.L., 2007. Short term effect of sewage irrigation on chemical buildup in soil and vegetables. The Agric. Engg. Int. The CIGR J. Manuscript LW 07 006. Vol IX. August 2007. Pp 14. |
| [11] | Rattan, R.K., Datta, S.P., Chhonkar, P.K., Suribabu, K., Singh, A.K., (2005). Long-term impact of irrigation with sewage effluents on heavy metal content in soils, crops and groundwater—a case study. Agric. Ecol. Environ. 109: 310–322. |
| [12] | Singh, K.P., Mohon, D., Sinha, S., Dalwani, R., 2004. Impact assessment of treated/untreated wastewater toxicants discharge by sewage treatment plants on health, agricultural, and environmental quality in wastewater disposal area. Chemosphere 55: 227 – 255. |
| [13] | Mapanda, F., Mangwayana, E.N., Nyamangara, J., Giller, K.E., 2005. The effect of long-term irrigation using wastewater on heavy metal contents of soils under vegetables in Harare, Zimbabwe. Agric. Ecosyst. And Environ., 107: 151-165. |
| [14] | Rashid, A., Rahmatullah., Salim. M., 1988. Soil condition and crop factors inducing zinc deficiency in plants. In; Proc. National Seminar on Micronutrients in Soil and Crops in Pakistan, held in Peshawar Dec.13-15-1987. Peshawar; NWFP Agricultural University. p. 94-117. |
| [15] | Qadir, M., A. Ghafoor, S.I. Hssain, G. Murtaza and T. Mahmood. 1999. Copper concentration in city effluents irrigated soils and vegetables. Pak. J. Soil Sci. 97-102. |
| [16] | Sharma, R.K., Agrawal, M., Marshall, F.M., 2006. Heavy metals contamination in vegetables grown in waste water irrigated areas ofVaranasi, India. Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 77: 312-318. |
| [17] | Sharma, R.K., Agrawal, M., 2006. Effects of single and combined treatment of Cd and Zn on carrots: Uptake and bioaccumulation. 1. Plant Nutr., 29: 1791-1804. |
| [18] | Agarwal, S.K., 2002. Pollution Management, Vol. IV, Heavy metal pollution. A.P.H. Pub. Co., New Dehli. 145-163. |
| [19] | APHA., 1998. Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater, 20th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, USA. |
| [20] | Hossner, L.R., 1996. Dissolution for total methods of soil analysis elemental analysis, third ed. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3: Chemical Methods SSSA & Amer. Soc. of Agron., Madison, WI, 46–64. |
| [21] | Hseu, Z.Y., 2004. Evaluating heavy metal contents in nine composts using four digestion methods. Bioresource Technol., 95: 53-59. |
| [22] | SAS, 2004. Statistical Analysis System, SAS Institute, Inc. Cary., N. C. U. S. A. |
| [23] | Pescod, M.B., 1992. Wastewater treatment and use in agriculture. Bull FAO 47: 125, Rome. |
| [24] | FAO., 1985. Guidelines: land evaluation for irrigated agriculture. Soils Bulletin 55. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. |
| [25] | Bharose, R., Lal, B.S., Singh, K.S., Srivastava, K.P., 2013. Heavy metals pollution in soil-water-vegetation continuum irrigated with ground water and untreated sewage. Bull. Environ. and Sci. Res., 2, (1),pp.1-8. |
| [26] | Singh, R., Singh, D.P., Kumar, N., Bhargava, S.K., Barman, S.C., 2010. Accumulation and translocation of heavy metals in soil and plants from fly ash contaminated area. Environmental Biology 31: 421–430. |
| [27] | Gupta, S., Satpati, S., Nayek, S., & Garai, D., 2010. Effect of wastewater irrigation on vegetables in relation to bioaccumulation of heavy metals and biochemical changes. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 165(1), 169–177. |
| [28] | Saffari, V.R., Saffari, M., 2013. Effect of treated municipal wastewater on bean growth, soil chemical properties, and chemical fractions of zinc and copper. Arab J Geosci 6:4475–4485. |
| [29] | Vaseghi, S., Afyuni, M., Shariatmadari, H., Mobli, M., 2005. Effect of sewage sludge on some nutrients concentration and soil chemical properties. Journal of Isfahan Water and Wastewater, 53: 15-19 (in Persian). |
| [30] | Khai, N.M., Tuan, P.T., Vinh, N.C., Oborn, I., 2008. Effects of using wastewater as nutrient sources on soil chemical properties in peri-urban agricultural systems. V.N.U. J.Sci., Earth Sci., (24): 87-95. |
| [31] | Mohammad, M.J., Mazahreh, N., 2003. Changes in soil fertility parameters in response to irrigation of forage crops with secondary treated wastewater. Soil Sci Plant Anal 34:1281–1294. |
| [32] | Mollahoseini, H., 2013. Long term effects of municipal wastewater irrigation on some properties of a semiarid region soil of Iran. International journal of Agronomy and Plant Production. Vol., 4 (5), 1023-1028. |
| [33] | Khaskhoussy, K., Hachicha, M., Kahlaoui, B., Messoudi-Nefzi, B., Rejeb, A., Jouzdan, O., Arselan, A., 2013. Effect of treated wastewater on Soil and Corn Crop in the Tunisian Area. J. Appl. Sci. Res., 9(1): 132-140. |
| [34] | Rusan, M.M.J., S. Hinnawi, L. Rousan, 2007. Long term effect of wastewater irrigation of forage crops on soil and plant quality parameters. Desalination, 215: 143-152. |
| [35] | Mancino, C.F., Pepper, I.L., 1992. Irrigation of turf grass with secondary sewage effluent: soil quality. Agron J 84(4):650–654. |
| [36] | Abedi-Koupai. J., Mostafazadeh-Fard. B., Afyuni, M., Bagheri, M.R., 2006. Effect of treated wastewater on soil chemical and physical properties in an arid region. Plant Soil Environ, 52(8):335–344. |
| [37] | Angin, I., Yaganoglu, A.V., Turan, M., 2005. Effects of long-term wastewater irrigation on soil properties. Sustain Agriculture Journal, 26:31-42. |
| [38] | Galavi, M., Jalali, A., Ramroodi, M., Mousavi, S. R., Galavi, H., 2010. Effects of treated municipal wastewater on soil chemical properties and heavy metal uptake by sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). J Agr Sci 2 (3):235–241. |
| [39] | Rana, L., Dhankhar, R., Chhikara, S., 2010. Soil characteristics affected by long term application of sewage wastewater. Int J Environ Res 4(3):513–518. |
| [40] | Kiziloglu, F.M., Turanb, M., Sahina, U., Kuslua, Y., Dursunc, A., 2008. Effects of untreated and treated wastewater irrigation on some chemical properties of cauliflower (Brassica olerecea L. var. botrytis) and red cabbage (Brassica olerecea L. var. rubra) grown on calcareous soil in Turkey. Agric Water Manage 95(6):716– 724. |
| [41] | Al-Lahham, O., El Assi, N.M., Fayyad, M., .2007. Translocation of heavy metals to tomato (Solanum lycopersicom L.) fruit irrigated with treated wastewater. Scientia Horticulturae, 113: 250-254. |
| [42] | Mapanda, F., Mangwayana, E.N., Nyamangara, J., Giller, K.E., 2005. The effect of long-term irrigation using wastewater on heavy metal contents of soils under vegetables in Harare, Zimbabwe. Agric Ecosyst Environ 107:151¬-165. |
| [43] | Moazzam, A., Khan, S., Shahid, S., Ataf Khan, M., 2009. Growth, yield and nutrient content of Sunflower (Heliantus Annuus L.) using treated wastewater from wastestabilization ponds. Pak. J. Bot., 41(3): 1391-1399. |
| [44] | Amin, N., Hussain. A., Alamzeb. S., Begum. S., 2013., Accumulation of heavy metals in edible parts of vegetables irrigated with waste water and their daily intake to adults and children, District Mardan, Pakistan. Food Chemi. 136: 1515–1523. |
| [45] | Sahay, s., Inam, A., & Iqbal, S., 2013. Effect of wastewater irrigation on soil, metal tolerance and its remediation by four oil yielding Brassica cultivars. International Journal of Environmental Sciences Volume 4 No.2: 158-170. |
| [46] | Kannaujia, R., & Singh, S., (2012) Levels, Spatial Distribution and Possible Sources of Heavy Metal Contamination of Suburban Soil in Jhansi. Orient. J. Chem., Vol. 28(4), 1913-1918. |
| [47] | Gupta. N., Khan. D. K., Santra. S. C., 2012. Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables grown in a long term wastewater-irrigated agricultural land of tropical India. Environ Monit Assess 184:6673–6682. |
| [48] | Mahmood, A., Malik, R.N., 2014. Human health risk assessment of heavy metals via consumption of contaminated vegetables collected from different irrigation sources in Lahore, Pakistan. Arabian Journal of Chemistry., 7, 91–99. |
APA Style
Mohammed A. Alghobar, Lathamani Ramachandra, Sidduraiah Suresha. (2014). Effect of Sewage Water Irrigation on Soil Properties and Evaluation of the Accumulation of Elements in Grass Crop in Mysore City, Karnataka, India. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 3(5), 283-291. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.22
ACS Style
Mohammed A. Alghobar; Lathamani Ramachandra; Sidduraiah Suresha. Effect of Sewage Water Irrigation on Soil Properties and Evaluation of the Accumulation of Elements in Grass Crop in Mysore City, Karnataka, India. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2014, 3(5), 283-291. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.22
AMA Style
Mohammed A. Alghobar, Lathamani Ramachandra, Sidduraiah Suresha. Effect of Sewage Water Irrigation on Soil Properties and Evaluation of the Accumulation of Elements in Grass Crop in Mysore City, Karnataka, India. Am J Environ Prot. 2014;3(5):283-291. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.22
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.22,
author = {Mohammed A. Alghobar and Lathamani Ramachandra and Sidduraiah Suresha},
title = {Effect of Sewage Water Irrigation on Soil Properties and Evaluation of the Accumulation of Elements in Grass Crop in Mysore City, Karnataka, India},
journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
volume = {3},
number = {5},
pages = {283-291},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.22},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.22},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20140305.22},
abstract = {Use of sewage water for irrigation improved chemical properties and fertility status in soil. Sewage water contains elements essential for plant growth and also contains heavy metals which may be toxic for animals if their concentration exceeds than permissible limit. To monitor this situation, a survey was conducted to ascertain the addition of heavy metals into agricultural fields through sewage water irrigation for grass crop in the farmlands of selected areas of Vidyaranyapuram in Mysore city. The results indicated that in sewage water the permissible amounts of total N, total P and potassium which are considered essential nutrients for productivity levels (grass growth) and soil fertility. The concentrations of heavy metals in the sewage water were in the proposed Food and Agriculture Organization range. The analysis showed that in soil concentration the irrigation with sewage water (SW) and treated sewage water (TSW) induces significant (P<0.05) decrease of soil pH when compared to MW and control treatment GW. The SW and TSW affect significantly the EC Indeed, in comparison with groundwater (GW), EC is greater with SW and TSW treatment. For Major elements contents and fertilizer as observed in the irrigation with SW led to a significant increase of Ca, Na, N, P, K and SO4 in comparison with the control ground water (GW). For Cl, in irrigation with SW has no effect on the Cl of soil. For heavy metals in comparison to the standard, the SW has no a significant (P < 0.05) effect in all elements except significant increase was noticed for Fe. In the grass, our investigation showed that irrigation with SW reuse led to a significant increase (P< 0.05) of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na contents. Heavy metals shown in grass irrigated with sewage water (SW) caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb as compared to irrigated ground water (GW). Where was no significant effect in growth of the grass as shown for heavy metals concentrations as Cd, Ni, Co and Cr.},
year = {2014}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Sewage Water Irrigation on Soil Properties and Evaluation of the Accumulation of Elements in Grass Crop in Mysore City, Karnataka, India AU - Mohammed A. Alghobar AU - Lathamani Ramachandra AU - Sidduraiah Suresha Y1 - 2014/11/20 PY - 2014 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.22 DO - 10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.22 T2 - American Journal of Environmental Protection JF - American Journal of Environmental Protection JO - American Journal of Environmental Protection SP - 283 EP - 291 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-5699 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20140305.22 AB - Use of sewage water for irrigation improved chemical properties and fertility status in soil. Sewage water contains elements essential for plant growth and also contains heavy metals which may be toxic for animals if their concentration exceeds than permissible limit. To monitor this situation, a survey was conducted to ascertain the addition of heavy metals into agricultural fields through sewage water irrigation for grass crop in the farmlands of selected areas of Vidyaranyapuram in Mysore city. The results indicated that in sewage water the permissible amounts of total N, total P and potassium which are considered essential nutrients for productivity levels (grass growth) and soil fertility. The concentrations of heavy metals in the sewage water were in the proposed Food and Agriculture Organization range. The analysis showed that in soil concentration the irrigation with sewage water (SW) and treated sewage water (TSW) induces significant (P<0.05) decrease of soil pH when compared to MW and control treatment GW. The SW and TSW affect significantly the EC Indeed, in comparison with groundwater (GW), EC is greater with SW and TSW treatment. For Major elements contents and fertilizer as observed in the irrigation with SW led to a significant increase of Ca, Na, N, P, K and SO4 in comparison with the control ground water (GW). For Cl, in irrigation with SW has no effect on the Cl of soil. For heavy metals in comparison to the standard, the SW has no a significant (P < 0.05) effect in all elements except significant increase was noticed for Fe. In the grass, our investigation showed that irrigation with SW reuse led to a significant increase (P< 0.05) of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na contents. Heavy metals shown in grass irrigated with sewage water (SW) caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb as compared to irrigated ground water (GW). Where was no significant effect in growth of the grass as shown for heavy metals concentrations as Cd, Ni, Co and Cr. VL - 3 IS - 5 ER -
Email: