Assessment of Radioactive Concentrations in the Egyptian Natural Gas Grid and Their Relevant Impacts

S. U. EL-Kameesy; H. M. Diab; A. B. Ramadan; O. R. Megahid

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpa.20160406.13

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Assessment of Radioactive Concentrations in the Egyptian Natural Gas Grid and Their Relevant Impacts

S. U. EL-Kameesy, H. M. Diab, A. B. Ramadan, O. R. Megahid

Published in American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 4, Issue 6)

Received: 31 October 2016 Accepted: 17 November 2016 Published: 29 December 2016

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Abstract

The radioactivity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K in thirty samples representing the technically Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in the Egyptian natural gas were investigated. The investigations were performed using a gamma ray spectroscopy technique. The obtained data were used to establish a data base for NORM concentrations during the different processing stages of natural gas and to estimate the associated radiation health hazard impacts. Great concern has been devoted to determine the specific activity of ²¹⁰Pb as it represents all daughters originating from ²²²Rn that have relatively short half-lives. The samples were collected from the gas pipeline grid covering different areas in Egypt. Fifteen samples were taken from the gas pipelines, whereas the remaining samples were taken from the upstream facilities before pumping into the grid. The average activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰k were found to be 16.2 ± 1.5, 10.50 ± 0.9 and 98.46 ± 6.03 Bq/kg for filter samples respectively. The corresponding average values for scale samples were 37.28 ± 3.1, 45.7 ± 2.6 and 621.79 ± 9.2 Bq/kg. The sludge samples gave average values of 14.97 ± 1.94, 9.99 ± 1.48 and 112.82 ± 5.82 respectively. These values are below the recommended international limits. In contrary, the average values of activity concentrations of waste water were found to be 4.895 ± 0.51, 2.241 ± 0.3 and 31.852 ± 2.31 Bq/kg respectively. The obtained results indicate that ²²⁶Ra content is higher than the recommended values for domestic or drinking water. Additionally, high values of the specific activity of ²¹⁰Pb were found in both deposits and filter samples.

Published in	American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 4, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpa.20160406.13
Page(s)	152-157
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

NORM, Egyptian Natural Gas, Scales, Sludge, Waste Water, Absorbed Dose Rate, Radium Equivalent Activity, Gamma Index

References

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[3]	F. A. Hartog, W. A. I. Knaepen, G. Jonkers, A. P. Schmidt, R. D. Schuiling, and P. F. J. Lancee, “Origin and Encounter of 210Pb in E&P facilities”, in Proc. 2nd International Symposium on the Treatment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material, Krefeld, Germany, pp.53-57, November 10-13, 1998.
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[14]	J. Beretka, and P. J. Mathaw,”Natural Radioactivity of Australian Building Material, Industrial Wastes And By Products”, Health Phys., 48, 87-95, 1985.
[15]	M. Al-Abyad, S. U. El-Kameesy, S. A. El-Fiki, M. N. Dahesh, “Radioactivity Levels and Dose Evaluation in Some Environmental Rock Samples From Taiz, Yemen”, Global Journal of Physics, Vol. 4, No 1, 266-275, 2016.
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APA Style

S. U. EL-Kameesy, H. M. Diab, A. B. Ramadan, O. R. Megahid. (2016). Assessment of Radioactive Concentrations in the Egyptian Natural Gas Grid and Their Relevant Impacts. American Journal of Physics and Applications, 4(6), 152-157. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20160406.13

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ACS Style

S. U. EL-Kameesy; H. M. Diab; A. B. Ramadan; O. R. Megahid. Assessment of Radioactive Concentrations in the Egyptian Natural Gas Grid and Their Relevant Impacts. Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2016, 4(6), 152-157. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20160406.13

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AMA Style

S. U. EL-Kameesy, H. M. Diab, A. B. Ramadan, O. R. Megahid. Assessment of Radioactive Concentrations in the Egyptian Natural Gas Grid and Their Relevant Impacts. Am J Phys Appl. 2016;4(6):152-157. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20160406.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20160406.13,
  author = {S. U. EL-Kameesy and H. M. Diab and A. B. Ramadan and O. R. Megahid},
  title = {Assessment of Radioactive Concentrations in the Egyptian Natural Gas Grid and Their Relevant Impacts},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {152-157},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20160406.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20160406.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20160406.13},
  abstract = {The radioactivity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in thirty samples representing the technically Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in the Egyptian natural gas were investigated. The investigations were performed using a gamma ray spectroscopy technique. The obtained data were used to establish a data base for NORM concentrations during the different processing stages of natural gas and to estimate the associated radiation health hazard impacts. Great concern has been devoted to determine the specific activity of 210Pb as it represents all daughters originating from 222Rn that have relatively short half-lives. The samples were collected from the gas pipeline grid covering different areas in Egypt. Fifteen samples were taken from the gas pipelines, whereas the remaining samples were taken from the upstream facilities before pumping into the grid. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40k were found to be 16.2 ± 1.5, 10.50 ± 0.9 and 98.46 ± 6.03 Bq/kg for filter samples respectively. The corresponding average values for scale samples were 37.28 ± 3.1, 45.7 ± 2.6 and 621.79 ± 9.2 Bq/kg. The sludge samples gave average values of 14.97 ± 1.94, 9.99 ± 1.48 and 112.82 ± 5.82 respectively. These values are below the recommended international limits. In contrary, the average values of activity concentrations of waste water were found to be 4.895 ± 0.51, 2.241 ± 0.3 and 31.852 ± 2.31 Bq/kg respectively. The obtained results indicate that 226Ra content is higher than the recommended values for domestic or drinking water. Additionally, high values of the specific activity of 210Pb were found in both deposits and filter samples.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of Radioactive Concentrations in the Egyptian Natural Gas Grid and Their Relevant Impacts
AU - S. U. EL-Kameesy
AU - H. M. Diab
AU - A. B. Ramadan
AU - O. R. Megahid
Y1 - 2016/12/29
PY - 2016
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20160406.13
DO - 10.11648/j.ajpa.20160406.13
T2 - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JF - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JO - American Journal of Physics and Applications
SP - 152
EP - 157
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-4308
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20160406.13
AB - The radioactivity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in thirty samples representing the technically Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in the Egyptian natural gas were investigated. The investigations were performed using a gamma ray spectroscopy technique. The obtained data were used to establish a data base for NORM concentrations during the different processing stages of natural gas and to estimate the associated radiation health hazard impacts. Great concern has been devoted to determine the specific activity of 210Pb as it represents all daughters originating from 222Rn that have relatively short half-lives. The samples were collected from the gas pipeline grid covering different areas in Egypt. Fifteen samples were taken from the gas pipelines, whereas the remaining samples were taken from the upstream facilities before pumping into the grid. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40k were found to be 16.2 ± 1.5, 10.50 ± 0.9 and 98.46 ± 6.03 Bq/kg for filter samples respectively. The corresponding average values for scale samples were 37.28 ± 3.1, 45.7 ± 2.6 and 621.79 ± 9.2 Bq/kg. The sludge samples gave average values of 14.97 ± 1.94, 9.99 ± 1.48 and 112.82 ± 5.82 respectively. These values are below the recommended international limits. In contrary, the average values of activity concentrations of waste water were found to be 4.895 ± 0.51, 2.241 ± 0.3 and 31.852 ± 2.31 Bq/kg respectively. The obtained results indicate that 226Ra content is higher than the recommended values for domestic or drinking water. Additionally, high values of the specific activity of 210Pb were found in both deposits and filter samples.
VL - 4
IS - 6
ER -

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Author Information

S. U. EL-Kameesy

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
H. M. Diab

Radiation Nuclear and Radiological Authority, Cairo, Egypt
A. B. Ramadan

Radiation Nuclear and Radiological Authority, Cairo, Egypt
O. R. Megahid

Department of Health and Safety, Midor, Ministry of Petroleum, Cairo, Egypt

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APA Style

S. U. EL-Kameesy, H. M. Diab, A. B. Ramadan, O. R. Megahid. (2016). Assessment of Radioactive Concentrations in the Egyptian Natural Gas Grid and Their Relevant Impacts. American Journal of Physics and Applications, 4(6), 152-157. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20160406.13

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ACS Style

S. U. EL-Kameesy; H. M. Diab; A. B. Ramadan; O. R. Megahid. Assessment of Radioactive Concentrations in the Egyptian Natural Gas Grid and Their Relevant Impacts. Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2016, 4(6), 152-157. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20160406.13

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AMA Style

S. U. EL-Kameesy, H. M. Diab, A. B. Ramadan, O. R. Megahid. Assessment of Radioactive Concentrations in the Egyptian Natural Gas Grid and Their Relevant Impacts. Am J Phys Appl. 2016;4(6):152-157. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20160406.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20160406.13,
  author = {S. U. EL-Kameesy and H. M. Diab and A. B. Ramadan and O. R. Megahid},
  title = {Assessment of Radioactive Concentrations in the Egyptian Natural Gas Grid and Their Relevant Impacts},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {152-157},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20160406.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20160406.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20160406.13},
  abstract = {The radioactivity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in thirty samples representing the technically Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in the Egyptian natural gas were investigated. The investigations were performed using a gamma ray spectroscopy technique. The obtained data were used to establish a data base for NORM concentrations during the different processing stages of natural gas and to estimate the associated radiation health hazard impacts. Great concern has been devoted to determine the specific activity of 210Pb as it represents all daughters originating from 222Rn that have relatively short half-lives. The samples were collected from the gas pipeline grid covering different areas in Egypt. Fifteen samples were taken from the gas pipelines, whereas the remaining samples were taken from the upstream facilities before pumping into the grid. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40k were found to be 16.2 ± 1.5, 10.50 ± 0.9 and 98.46 ± 6.03 Bq/kg for filter samples respectively. The corresponding average values for scale samples were 37.28 ± 3.1, 45.7 ± 2.6 and 621.79 ± 9.2 Bq/kg. The sludge samples gave average values of 14.97 ± 1.94, 9.99 ± 1.48 and 112.82 ± 5.82 respectively. These values are below the recommended international limits. In contrary, the average values of activity concentrations of waste water were found to be 4.895 ± 0.51, 2.241 ± 0.3 and 31.852 ± 2.31 Bq/kg respectively. The obtained results indicate that 226Ra content is higher than the recommended values for domestic or drinking water. Additionally, high values of the specific activity of 210Pb were found in both deposits and filter samples.},
 year = {2016}
}

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