Modern Conceptual and Technological Approaches to the Georgia Black Sea Coastline Protection

Nodar Tsivtsivadze; Lia Matchavariani; Lamzira Lagidze; Nargiz Motsonelidze; George Ivanov; Nino Paichadze

doi:doi:10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19

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Modern Conceptual and Technological Approaches to the Georgia Black Sea Coastline Protection

Nodar Tsivtsivadze, Lia Matchavariani, Lamzira Lagidze, Nargiz Motsonelidze, George Ivanov, Nino Paichadze

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 5-1)

Received: 2 June 2015 Accepted: 4 June 2015 Published: 7 July 2015

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Abstract

Economic Economic development of the world's maritime nations, including Georgia, is directly related to the coastal environment and the ongoing natural or anthropogenic processes which determined its sustainability and exploitation opportunities. In the coastal zone are located the urbanized areas, agricultural lands, motorways and recreational complexes. Georgia's Black Sea resorts continue to attract tourists to the resort areas of the coast that required the expansion, restoration of eroded beaches and the development of appropriate infrastructure at international standards. Unfortunately, the prevalence of the parochial bureaucratic interests over environmental issues and ignorance of negative coastal process development, inefficiency of implemented coast protection measures and limited funding for carrying out necessary works, caused Georgian shoreline erosion. In this regard, coast may not be discussed as isolated body because it is part of one natural system and changes caused by natural phenomena or man-made impact will be reflected on the coast of neighboring countries. In whole, human intervention (withdrawal of beach sediments, river channel regulations, dam and reservoirs constructions and port structures assembling in coastal zone) in natural processes not only improved country economic state, but together with current natural events, due to sea level rise, causing storm phenomena activation and land inundation, shore subsiding, provoked the increase of coast erosion tendency, activation of beach disappearance and threatened to located there infrastructure with destruction and huge material losses. The recovery of latter requires several billion U.S. dollars worth of materials and works. In the presented article is discussed the problem of Georgia Black Sea coast erosion and necessary measures for its protection on the basis of conceptual approaches, which also imply the using of new technologies and methods of beach protection. In case of given proposal implementation in practice, the results of planned research can be widely applied both for sandy as well as pebbly-gravel beaches of any sea.

Published in	Earth Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 5-1) This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Problems of Geography and Anthropology
DOI	10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19
Page(s)	46-53
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Beach, Breakwater, Shoreline, Protection, Environment

References

[1]	N. Tsivtsivadze “Methods of Beach Protection in Use Along the Black Sea Coastline”, J. Shoreline Management 2, Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd, England, 1986, pp. 55-64.
[2]	S. Khorava, A. Kikava “Protection of Adjara Coast Zone by Artificial Beach”. Proceedings of International Conference “Applied Ecology: Problems, Inovations”. Ltd “Kalmosani” Publ. Georgia, 2015, pp. 192-197.
[3]	A. Kiknadze, G. Russo, S. Khorava. “Engineering Problems of Georgia: Condition and Perspectives, Georgian Engineering Academy. Georgia, 1998, pp. 137-147.
[4]	G. Russo, S. Khorava.” Creation of artificial beaches, islands and other constructions in the coastal zone of seas, lakes and reservoirs “. Proceedings of International Conference, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Office. Institute of water and environmental problems. 2009, RF, pp. 246-251.
[5]	N. Tsivtsivadze, G. Metreveli, L. Lagidze, N. Motsonelidze, L. Zazadze. “New Approaches of Georgian Black Sea Coast Protection”. Workbook of I International Conference “Kolkhety Lowland Water Ecosystems Protection and Efficient Use”. Ltd “Kalmosani” Publ. Georgia, 2013, pp. 34-40.
[6]	I. Kantarji, Y. Shulgin. “The compulsory transformation- new method of beach protection”. Transport Construction- (Transportnoe Stroitelstvo), Moscow, 9, 1981, pp. 7-46
[7]	N. Yaroslavtsev. “The investigation of pebbly beach dynamics”. J. Water Resources (Vodnie Resursi), Moscow, 5, 1981, pp. 77-81.
[8]	H. Kunz, “Spatial costal protection as too for sustainable development of coastal zones” Dynamics of Coastal Zone of Non-tidal Seas . Kaliningrad, Terra Baltica, 2008, 87. http://www.coruna.coastdyn.ru iczm08/day1/kunz.pdf
[9]	C. Macaskili, “Reflection of water waves by prmeable barrier, J. Fluid Mech., 95, 1979, 1.
[10]	A. Kiknadze “About sea beach protection in Georgia, In: Sea’ Coastal Zone (Beregovaia Zona Moria), Nauka, Moscow, 1981, pp. 83-90 (in Russian).

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APA Style

Nodar Tsivtsivadze, Lia Matchavariani, Lamzira Lagidze, Nargiz Motsonelidze, George Ivanov, et al. (2015). Modern Conceptual and Technological Approaches to the Georgia Black Sea Coastline Protection. Earth Sciences, 4(5-1), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19

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ACS Style

Nodar Tsivtsivadze; Lia Matchavariani; Lamzira Lagidze; Nargiz Motsonelidze; George Ivanov, et al. Modern Conceptual and Technological Approaches to the Georgia Black Sea Coastline Protection. Earth Sci. 2015, 4(5-1), 46-53. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19

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AMA Style

Nodar Tsivtsivadze, Lia Matchavariani, Lamzira Lagidze, Nargiz Motsonelidze, George Ivanov, et al. Modern Conceptual and Technological Approaches to the Georgia Black Sea Coastline Protection. Earth Sci. 2015;4(5-1):46-53. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19,
  author = {Nodar Tsivtsivadze and Lia Matchavariani and Lamzira Lagidze and Nargiz Motsonelidze and George Ivanov and Nino Paichadze},
  title = {Modern Conceptual and Technological Approaches to the Georgia Black Sea Coastline Protection},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {4},
  number = {5-1},
  pages = {46-53},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.s.2015040501.19},
  abstract = {Economic Economic development of the world's maritime nations, including Georgia, is directly related to the coastal environment and the ongoing natural or anthropogenic processes which determined its sustainability and exploitation opportunities. In the coastal zone are located the urbanized areas, agricultural lands, motorways and recreational complexes. Georgia's Black Sea resorts continue to attract tourists to the resort areas of the coast that required the expansion, restoration of eroded beaches and the development of appropriate infrastructure at international standards. Unfortunately, the prevalence of the parochial bureaucratic interests over environmental issues and ignorance of negative coastal process development, inefficiency of implemented coast protection measures and limited funding for carrying out necessary works, caused Georgian shoreline erosion. In this regard, coast may not be discussed as isolated body because it is part of one natural system and changes caused by natural phenomena or man-made impact will be reflected on the coast of neighboring countries. In whole, human intervention (withdrawal of beach sediments, river channel regulations, dam and reservoirs constructions and port structures assembling in coastal zone) in natural processes not only improved country economic state, but together with current natural events, due to sea level rise, causing storm phenomena activation and land inundation, shore subsiding, provoked the increase of coast erosion tendency, activation of beach disappearance and threatened to located there infrastructure with destruction and huge material losses. The recovery of latter requires several billion U.S. dollars worth of materials and works. In the presented article is discussed the problem of Georgia Black Sea coast erosion and necessary measures for its protection on the basis of conceptual approaches, which also imply the using of new technologies and methods of beach protection. In case of given proposal implementation in practice, the results of planned research can be widely applied both for sandy as well as pebbly-gravel beaches of any sea.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Modern Conceptual and Technological Approaches to the Georgia Black Sea Coastline Protection
AU  - Nodar Tsivtsivadze
AU  - Lia Matchavariani
AU  - Lamzira Lagidze
AU  - Nargiz Motsonelidze
AU  - George Ivanov
AU  - Nino Paichadze
Y1  - 2015/07/07
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 46
EP  - 53
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19
AB  - Economic Economic development of the world's maritime nations, including Georgia, is directly related to the coastal environment and the ongoing natural or anthropogenic processes which determined its sustainability and exploitation opportunities. In the coastal zone are located the urbanized areas, agricultural lands, motorways and recreational complexes. Georgia's Black Sea resorts continue to attract tourists to the resort areas of the coast that required the expansion, restoration of eroded beaches and the development of appropriate infrastructure at international standards. Unfortunately, the prevalence of the parochial bureaucratic interests over environmental issues and ignorance of negative coastal process development, inefficiency of implemented coast protection measures and limited funding for carrying out necessary works, caused Georgian shoreline erosion. In this regard, coast may not be discussed as isolated body because it is part of one natural system and changes caused by natural phenomena or man-made impact will be reflected on the coast of neighboring countries. In whole, human intervention (withdrawal of beach sediments, river channel regulations, dam and reservoirs constructions and port structures assembling in coastal zone) in natural processes not only improved country economic state, but together with current natural events, due to sea level rise, causing storm phenomena activation and land inundation, shore subsiding, provoked the increase of coast erosion tendency, activation of beach disappearance and threatened to located there infrastructure with destruction and huge material losses. The recovery of latter requires several billion U.S. dollars worth of materials and works. In the presented article is discussed the problem of Georgia Black Sea coast erosion and necessary measures for its protection on the basis of conceptual approaches, which also imply the using of new technologies and methods of beach protection. In case of given proposal implementation in practice, the results of planned research can be widely applied both for sandy as well as pebbly-gravel beaches of any sea.
VL  - 4
IS  - 5-1
ER  -

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Author Information

Nodar Tsivtsivadze

Dept. of Hydro-Meteorology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Lia Matchavariani

Dept. of Soil Geography, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Lamzira Lagidze

Dept. of Nature Use Management, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Nargiz Motsonelidze

Dept. of Hydro-Meteorology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
George Ivanov

Dept. of Hydro-Meteorology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
Nino Paichadze

Dept. of Regional Geography, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

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APA Style

Nodar Tsivtsivadze, Lia Matchavariani, Lamzira Lagidze, Nargiz Motsonelidze, George Ivanov, et al. (2015). Modern Conceptual and Technological Approaches to the Georgia Black Sea Coastline Protection. Earth Sciences, 4(5-1), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19

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ACS Style

Nodar Tsivtsivadze; Lia Matchavariani; Lamzira Lagidze; Nargiz Motsonelidze; George Ivanov, et al. Modern Conceptual and Technological Approaches to the Georgia Black Sea Coastline Protection. Earth Sci. 2015, 4(5-1), 46-53. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19

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AMA Style

Nodar Tsivtsivadze, Lia Matchavariani, Lamzira Lagidze, Nargiz Motsonelidze, George Ivanov, et al. Modern Conceptual and Technological Approaches to the Georgia Black Sea Coastline Protection. Earth Sci. 2015;4(5-1):46-53. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19,
  author = {Nodar Tsivtsivadze and Lia Matchavariani and Lamzira Lagidze and Nargiz Motsonelidze and George Ivanov and Nino Paichadze},
  title = {Modern Conceptual and Technological Approaches to the Georgia Black Sea Coastline Protection},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {4},
  number = {5-1},
  pages = {46-53},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.s.2015040501.19},
  abstract = {Economic Economic development of the world's maritime nations, including Georgia, is directly related to the coastal environment and the ongoing natural or anthropogenic processes which determined its sustainability and exploitation opportunities. In the coastal zone are located the urbanized areas, agricultural lands, motorways and recreational complexes. Georgia's Black Sea resorts continue to attract tourists to the resort areas of the coast that required the expansion, restoration of eroded beaches and the development of appropriate infrastructure at international standards. Unfortunately, the prevalence of the parochial bureaucratic interests over environmental issues and ignorance of negative coastal process development, inefficiency of implemented coast protection measures and limited funding for carrying out necessary works, caused Georgian shoreline erosion. In this regard, coast may not be discussed as isolated body because it is part of one natural system and changes caused by natural phenomena or man-made impact will be reflected on the coast of neighboring countries. In whole, human intervention (withdrawal of beach sediments, river channel regulations, dam and reservoirs constructions and port structures assembling in coastal zone) in natural processes not only improved country economic state, but together with current natural events, due to sea level rise, causing storm phenomena activation and land inundation, shore subsiding, provoked the increase of coast erosion tendency, activation of beach disappearance and threatened to located there infrastructure with destruction and huge material losses. The recovery of latter requires several billion U.S. dollars worth of materials and works. In the presented article is discussed the problem of Georgia Black Sea coast erosion and necessary measures for its protection on the basis of conceptual approaches, which also imply the using of new technologies and methods of beach protection. In case of given proposal implementation in practice, the results of planned research can be widely applied both for sandy as well as pebbly-gravel beaches of any sea.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Modern Conceptual and Technological Approaches to the Georgia Black Sea Coastline Protection
AU  - Nodar Tsivtsivadze
AU  - Lia Matchavariani
AU  - Lamzira Lagidze
AU  - Nargiz Motsonelidze
AU  - George Ivanov
AU  - Nino Paichadze
Y1  - 2015/07/07
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 46
EP  - 53
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.19
AB  - Economic Economic development of the world's maritime nations, including Georgia, is directly related to the coastal environment and the ongoing natural or anthropogenic processes which determined its sustainability and exploitation opportunities. In the coastal zone are located the urbanized areas, agricultural lands, motorways and recreational complexes. Georgia's Black Sea resorts continue to attract tourists to the resort areas of the coast that required the expansion, restoration of eroded beaches and the development of appropriate infrastructure at international standards. Unfortunately, the prevalence of the parochial bureaucratic interests over environmental issues and ignorance of negative coastal process development, inefficiency of implemented coast protection measures and limited funding for carrying out necessary works, caused Georgian shoreline erosion. In this regard, coast may not be discussed as isolated body because it is part of one natural system and changes caused by natural phenomena or man-made impact will be reflected on the coast of neighboring countries. In whole, human intervention (withdrawal of beach sediments, river channel regulations, dam and reservoirs constructions and port structures assembling in coastal zone) in natural processes not only improved country economic state, but together with current natural events, due to sea level rise, causing storm phenomena activation and land inundation, shore subsiding, provoked the increase of coast erosion tendency, activation of beach disappearance and threatened to located there infrastructure with destruction and huge material losses. The recovery of latter requires several billion U.S. dollars worth of materials and works. In the presented article is discussed the problem of Georgia Black Sea coast erosion and necessary measures for its protection on the basis of conceptual approaches, which also imply the using of new technologies and methods of beach protection. In case of given proposal implementation in practice, the results of planned research can be widely applied both for sandy as well as pebbly-gravel beaches of any sea.
VL  - 4
IS  - 5-1
ER  -

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