Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater in Keta South, Ghana

Norvivor Forgive Awo; Gordon Chris; Appeaning-Addo Kwasi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater in Keta South, Ghana

Norvivor Forgive Awo, Gordon Chris, Appeaning-Addo Kwasi

Published in Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 7 June 2017 Accepted: 8 August 2017 Published: 26 September 2017

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The paper investigated physico-chemical quality of groundwater, considering the relative proximity of hand dug wells to coastal environment, but most importantly close to insanitary facilities like refuse dumps, septic tanks and pit latrines; this was done in selected coastal communities in the Keta. Thirty vials of water samples from selected hand dug wells in two seasons were tested for pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Conductivity, Turbidity, Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrate, Sulphate, and Phosphate; WHO standards of drinking water were adopted to validate the results obtained and statistical analysis run. Statistical analysis of results showed a statistical significance in Turbidity, Nitrate, Phosphate, Calcium and Magnesium values at p<0.05, between the two seasons. There was a weak but significant correlation between Calcium and distance (r=0.398) and a strong correlation between Magnesium and distance (r=0.763). The study revealed that all the hand dug wells sampled recorded relatively high concentration of conductivity, turbidity, TDS, Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphates, irrespective of their proximity to the insanitary facilities and coastal environment, apart from nitrates when compared to WHO standards of drinking water.

Published in	Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12
Page(s)	51-56
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Groundwater, Physico Chemical Quality, Coastal Communities, Sanitation

References

[1]	Aydin, A. (2006). The Microbiological and physic-chemical Quality of Groundwater in Thrace, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Studies, 16, 377-383.
[2]	Banoeng-Yakubu, B. K., Akabzaa, M., Hotor. V. & Danso S. K. (2006). The application of electrical resistivity techniques in the delineation of seawater-freshwater in the Keta Basin, Ghana. In Y. Xu, B. Usher (Eds.), Groundwater Pollution in Africa. (pp. 193-202). Taylor & Francis/Balkema. 353 pp.
[3]	Basavaraddi, S. B., Kousar, H., & Puttaiah, E. T. (2012). Seasonal Variation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking in and around Tiptur Town, Tumkur District, Karnataka, India: A WQI Approach. Int. J. Comput. Eng. Res, 2, 562-567.
[4]	Bellizzi, V., DeNicola, L., Minutolo, R., Russo, D., Cianciaruso, B., Andreucci, M. & Andreucci, V. (1999). Effects of water hardness on urinary risk factors for kidney stones in patients with idiopathic nephrolithiasis. Nephron, 81 (Suppl. 1), 66-70.
[5]	Douagui, A. G., Kouame, I. K., Koffi, K., Goula, A. T. B., Dibi, B., Gone, D. L., ... & Savane, I. (2012). Assessment of the bacteriological quality and nitrate pollution risk of Quaternary groundwater in the southern part of Abidjan District (Côte d’Ivoire). Journal of Hydro-environment Research, 6 (3), 227-238.
[6]	Finlayson, C. M., Gordon C., Ntiamoah-Baidu, Y., Tumbulto, J., & Storrs, M. (2000). The Hydrobiology of Keta and Songor lagoons: Implications for wetland management in Ghana. Supervising Scientist Report 152, Supervising Scientist, Darwin.
[7]	Galvin, M. (1996). Occurrence of metals in waters: an overview. Water S. A., 22 (1), 7-18.
[8]	Graham, J. P., & Polizzotto, M. L. (2013). Pit latrines and their impacts on groundwater quality: a systematic review. Environmental health perspectives, 121.
[9]	Helstrup, T., Jorgensen, N. O & Banoeng-Yakubo, B., (2007). Investigation of hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater from the Cretaceous–Eocene limestone in southern Ghana and southern Togo using hierarchical cluster analysis. Journal of Hydrogeology, 15, 977–989.
[10]	Hoko, (2008). An assessment of quality of water from boreholes in Bindura District, Zimbabwe. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 33, 824–828.
[11]	Kouame, I. K., Douagui, A. G., Koffi, K., Gouala A. T. B., Dibi, B., Gone, D. L., Coulibaly, K., Seka, A. M., Koussi, A. K., Mangwa, J. M. O., & Savane, I. (2012). Assessment of the bacteriological quality and nitrate pollution risk of Quaternary groundwater in the southern part of Abidjan District. Journal of Hydro-environment Research 6, 227-238.
[12]	Mor, S., Ravindra, K., Dahiya, R. P., & Chandra, A. (2006). Leachate characterization and assessment of groundwater pollution near municipal solid waste landfill site. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 118(1-3), 435-456.
[13]	Moyo, N. A. G. (2013). An analysis of the chemical and microbiological quality of ground water from boreholes and shallow wells in Zimbabwe. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 66, 27-32.
[14]	Nolan, B. T., Ruddy, B. C., Hitt, K. J. & Helsel, D. R. (1998). A National Look at Nitrate Contamination of Ground Water. Water Conditioning and Purification, vol 39 (12), pp 76-79.
[15]	Palamuleni, L., & Akoth, M. (2015). Physico-Chemical and Microbial Analysis of Selected Borehole Water in Mahikeng, South Africa. International journal of environmental research and public health, 12 (8), 8619-8630.
[16]	Rao, (2005). Seasonal variation of groundwater quality in a part of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environmental Geology, 49: 413–429.
[17]	Schafer, A. I., Rossiter, H. M. A., Owusu, P. A., Awuah E. & MacDonald, A. M. (2010). Chemical drinking water quality in Ghana: Water cost and scope for advanced Treatment. Science of the Total Environment, 408, 2378-2386.
[18]	Whelan (2008) Groundwater Phosphate, A driver for eutrophication? Retrieved from www.projectwet.org
[19]	WHO (2004). Guidelines for Drinking Water. Volume 1, Recommendations, (3^rd Edition). World Health Organization, Geneva.
[20]	Yidana, S. M., Banoeng-Yakubo, B., Akabzaa, T. M. (2010). Analysis of groundwater quality using multivariate and spatial analyses in the Keta basin, Ghana. Journal of African Earth Science, 58, 220–234.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Norvivor Forgive Awo, Gordon Chris, Appeaning-Addo Kwasi. (2017). Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater in Keta South, Ghana. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 3(3), 51-56. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Norvivor Forgive Awo; Gordon Chris; Appeaning-Addo Kwasi. Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater in Keta South, Ghana. J. Health Environ. Res. 2017, 3(3), 51-56. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Norvivor Forgive Awo, Gordon Chris, Appeaning-Addo Kwasi. Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater in Keta South, Ghana. J Health Environ Res. 2017;3(3):51-56. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12,
  author = {Norvivor Forgive Awo and Gordon Chris and Appeaning-Addo Kwasi},
  title = {Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater in Keta South, Ghana},
  journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {51-56},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20170303.12},
  abstract = {The paper investigated physico-chemical quality of groundwater, considering the relative proximity of hand dug wells to coastal environment, but most importantly close to insanitary facilities like refuse dumps, septic tanks and pit latrines; this was done in selected coastal communities in the Keta. Thirty vials of water samples from selected hand dug wells in two seasons were tested for pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Conductivity, Turbidity, Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrate, Sulphate, and Phosphate; WHO standards of drinking water were adopted to validate the results obtained and statistical analysis run. Statistical analysis of results showed a statistical significance in Turbidity, Nitrate, Phosphate, Calcium and Magnesium values at p<0.05, between the two seasons. There was a weak but significant correlation between Calcium and distance (r=0.398) and a strong correlation between Magnesium and distance (r=0.763). The study revealed that all the hand dug wells sampled recorded relatively high concentration of conductivity, turbidity, TDS, Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphates, irrespective of their proximity to the insanitary facilities and coastal environment, apart from nitrates when compared to WHO standards of drinking water.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater in Keta South, Ghana
AU  - Norvivor Forgive Awo
AU  - Gordon Chris
AU  - Appeaning-Addo Kwasi
Y1  - 2017/09/26
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12
T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP  - 51
EP  - 56
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3592
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12
AB  - The paper investigated physico-chemical quality of groundwater, considering the relative proximity of hand dug wells to coastal environment, but most importantly close to insanitary facilities like refuse dumps, septic tanks and pit latrines; this was done in selected coastal communities in the Keta. Thirty vials of water samples from selected hand dug wells in two seasons were tested for pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Conductivity, Turbidity, Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrate, Sulphate, and Phosphate; WHO standards of drinking water were adopted to validate the results obtained and statistical analysis run. Statistical analysis of results showed a statistical significance in Turbidity, Nitrate, Phosphate, Calcium and Magnesium values at p<0.05, between the two seasons. There was a weak but significant correlation between Calcium and distance (r=0.398) and a strong correlation between Magnesium and distance (r=0.763). The study revealed that all the hand dug wells sampled recorded relatively high concentration of conductivity, turbidity, TDS, Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphates, irrespective of their proximity to the insanitary facilities and coastal environment, apart from nitrates when compared to WHO standards of drinking water.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Norvivor Forgive Awo

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Hohoe Campus), University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho-Volta Region, Ghana
Gordon Chris

Institute for Environmental and Science Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
Appeaning-Addo Kwasi

Department of Marine and Fisheries Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Norvivor Forgive Awo, Gordon Chris, Appeaning-Addo Kwasi. (2017). Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater in Keta South, Ghana. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 3(3), 51-56. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Norvivor Forgive Awo; Gordon Chris; Appeaning-Addo Kwasi. Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater in Keta South, Ghana. J. Health Environ. Res. 2017, 3(3), 51-56. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Norvivor Forgive Awo, Gordon Chris, Appeaning-Addo Kwasi. Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater in Keta South, Ghana. J Health Environ Res. 2017;3(3):51-56. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12,
  author = {Norvivor Forgive Awo and Gordon Chris and Appeaning-Addo Kwasi},
  title = {Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater in Keta South, Ghana},
  journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {51-56},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20170303.12},
  abstract = {The paper investigated physico-chemical quality of groundwater, considering the relative proximity of hand dug wells to coastal environment, but most importantly close to insanitary facilities like refuse dumps, septic tanks and pit latrines; this was done in selected coastal communities in the Keta. Thirty vials of water samples from selected hand dug wells in two seasons were tested for pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Conductivity, Turbidity, Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrate, Sulphate, and Phosphate; WHO standards of drinking water were adopted to validate the results obtained and statistical analysis run. Statistical analysis of results showed a statistical significance in Turbidity, Nitrate, Phosphate, Calcium and Magnesium values at p<0.05, between the two seasons. There was a weak but significant correlation between Calcium and distance (r=0.398) and a strong correlation between Magnesium and distance (r=0.763). The study revealed that all the hand dug wells sampled recorded relatively high concentration of conductivity, turbidity, TDS, Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphates, irrespective of their proximity to the insanitary facilities and coastal environment, apart from nitrates when compared to WHO standards of drinking water.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater in Keta South, Ghana
AU  - Norvivor Forgive Awo
AU  - Gordon Chris
AU  - Appeaning-Addo Kwasi
Y1  - 2017/09/26
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12
T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP  - 51
EP  - 56
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3592
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20170303.12
AB  - The paper investigated physico-chemical quality of groundwater, considering the relative proximity of hand dug wells to coastal environment, but most importantly close to insanitary facilities like refuse dumps, septic tanks and pit latrines; this was done in selected coastal communities in the Keta. Thirty vials of water samples from selected hand dug wells in two seasons were tested for pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Conductivity, Turbidity, Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrate, Sulphate, and Phosphate; WHO standards of drinking water were adopted to validate the results obtained and statistical analysis run. Statistical analysis of results showed a statistical significance in Turbidity, Nitrate, Phosphate, Calcium and Magnesium values at p<0.05, between the two seasons. There was a weak but significant correlation between Calcium and distance (r=0.398) and a strong correlation between Magnesium and distance (r=0.763). The study revealed that all the hand dug wells sampled recorded relatively high concentration of conductivity, turbidity, TDS, Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphates, irrespective of their proximity to the insanitary facilities and coastal environment, apart from nitrates when compared to WHO standards of drinking water.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download