The study assessed in comparison the concentrations of heavy metals in water samples (n=12) collected from groundwater sources at Keko and Kigogo areas. Three trace elements; Copper, Zinc and Lead (Cu, Zn and Pb). Analysis was done once in dry season and once in rainy season at Ardhi University laboratory. The water samples were taken in 4oc equipment for transportation. Results show low concentrations of Cu and Zn for both seasons and study areas. Pb concentrations were detected beyond the WHO permissible level (min. 0.01mg/l and max. 0.35mg/l). This presence of high concentrations may be due to urban agriculture activities conducted around the areas surrounding Msimbazi river, and also presence and use of onsite facilities (septic tanks and pit latrines). Discharge and runoff collection from garages and industrial wastes is another reasons thought for this high amount of heavy metals. There is need of adopting cheap water treatment technology for domestic purposes so as to protect people from being affected by the use of untreated water directly.
| Published in | Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 4, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.wros.20150401.11 |
| Page(s) | 1-5 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Heavy Metals, Trace Elements, Zinc, Lead, Copper, Groundwater
| [1] | Abdul Jameel, A., Sirajudeen, J. And Abdul vahith, R., (2012). Studies on heavy metal pollution of ground water sources between Tamilnadu and Pondicherry, India. Advances in Applied Science Research, 3 (1):424-429 |
| [2] | Aggarwal, T. R., Singh, K. N. And Gupta, A. K., (2000). Impact of sewage containing domestic waste and heavy metals on the chemistry of Varuna river water.Poll. Res., 19(3): 491-494 |
| [3] | APHA, (1998). Standard Methods for the Examinations of water and wastewater. 18th Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington D.C |
| [4] | Egborge A.B.M, (1991). Industrialization and heavy metal pollution in Warri River, University of Benin Press, Inaugural lecture series 32. |
| [5] | FAO, (2008). Coping with water scarcity; An action framework for agriculture and food security.FAO Water Reports, 38. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Rome. |
| [6] | Hussain, A. Z and K. M. Mohamed Sheriff (2013). Status of heavy metal concentrations in groundwater samples situated in and around on the bank of Cooum river at Chennai City, Tamil Nadu Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 5(3):73-77 |
| [7] | Jennings, G., Sneed D., Clair, E. (1996): Metals in drinking water. North Carolina Cooperative Extension service Publication no.: AG-473-1. Electronic version 3 |
| [8] | Maganga, P. F., Butterworth, J. A. And Marioty, P., (2002). "Domestic Water Supply, Competition for Water Resources and Iwrm in Tanzania: A Review and Discussion Paper." Phys & Chem. Of the earth 27: 919-926. |
| [9] | Mato, R. R. A. M., (2002). Groundwater Pollution in Urban Dar Es Salaam. Tanzania: Assessing Vulnerability and Protection Priorities. University Press, Eindhoven University of Technology. Eindhoven |
| [10] | Ministry of Water and Iirrigation (mowi), (2009). Water sector status report. Ministry of water and irrigation, Dar es Salaam |
| [11] | Mwakalila, S. (2007). "Residents' Perceptions of Institutional Performance in Water Supply in Dar Es Salaam." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 32(15-18): 1285-1290. |
| [12] | Oyeku O.T and Eludoyin, A. O. (2010). Heavy metal contamination of groundwater resources in a Nigerian urban settlement. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 4(4), pp. 201-214, |
| [13] | Salem H. M. Et al. (2000). Heavy Metals in Drinking Water and Their Environmental mpact on Human Health. Cairo University, Egypt, September, 2000, page 542- 556 |
| [14] | Samir M. S and Ibrahim M. Shaker, (2008). Assessment of heavy metals pollution in water and sediments on orechromis niloticus in the northern delta lakes, and their effect, Egypt. 8th International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture |
| [15] | Sirajudeen J, Abdul Jameel A, (2006). Studies on heavy metal pollution of Groundwater sources between Tamilnadu and Pondicherry India. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit, ,16(5) 443-446. |
| [16] | Srinivas Gowd S. And Govil, P.K. (2007). Distribution of heavy metals in surface water of Ranipet industrial area in Tamil Nadu, India Environ. Monit Assess, 136, 197-207. |
| [17] | Thambavani, S. D. And Mageswari T.S.R,. (2013). A Comprehensive Geochemical Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water. Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences. Vol. 3, No. 4; 2942-2956 |
| [18] | Townsend, A., (1991). Encyclopedia of Analytical science, Academic Press, London |
| [19] | USEPA (2002). On-Site Wastewater Treatment System Manual. Office of water and office of research development. Washington DC. |
| [20] | WHO 2008, Guidelines for drinking water quality, World Health Organization, Geneva. |
APA Style
Isabela Thomas Mkude. (2015). Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metals from Groundwater Sources Situated in Keko and Kigogo Residential Areas, Dar es Salaam. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 4(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20150401.11
ACS Style
Isabela Thomas Mkude. Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metals from Groundwater Sources Situated in Keko and Kigogo Residential Areas, Dar es Salaam. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2015, 4(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20150401.11
AMA Style
Isabela Thomas Mkude. Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metals from Groundwater Sources Situated in Keko and Kigogo Residential Areas, Dar es Salaam. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2015;4(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20150401.11
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.wros.20150401.11,
author = {Isabela Thomas Mkude},
title = {Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metals from Groundwater Sources Situated in Keko and Kigogo Residential Areas, Dar es Salaam},
journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {1-5},
doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20150401.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20150401.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20150401.11},
abstract = {The study assessed in comparison the concentrations of heavy metals in water samples (n=12) collected from groundwater sources at Keko and Kigogo areas. Three trace elements; Copper, Zinc and Lead (Cu, Zn and Pb). Analysis was done once in dry season and once in rainy season at Ardhi University laboratory. The water samples were taken in 4oc equipment for transportation. Results show low concentrations of Cu and Zn for both seasons and study areas. Pb concentrations were detected beyond the WHO permissible level (min. 0.01mg/l and max. 0.35mg/l). This presence of high concentrations may be due to urban agriculture activities conducted around the areas surrounding Msimbazi river, and also presence and use of onsite facilities (septic tanks and pit latrines). Discharge and runoff collection from garages and industrial wastes is another reasons thought for this high amount of heavy metals. There is need of adopting cheap water treatment technology for domestic purposes so as to protect people from being affected by the use of untreated water directly.},
year = {2015}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metals from Groundwater Sources Situated in Keko and Kigogo Residential Areas, Dar es Salaam AU - Isabela Thomas Mkude Y1 - 2015/01/30 PY - 2015 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20150401.11 DO - 10.11648/j.wros.20150401.11 T2 - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science JF - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science JO - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-7993 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20150401.11 AB - The study assessed in comparison the concentrations of heavy metals in water samples (n=12) collected from groundwater sources at Keko and Kigogo areas. Three trace elements; Copper, Zinc and Lead (Cu, Zn and Pb). Analysis was done once in dry season and once in rainy season at Ardhi University laboratory. The water samples were taken in 4oc equipment for transportation. Results show low concentrations of Cu and Zn for both seasons and study areas. Pb concentrations were detected beyond the WHO permissible level (min. 0.01mg/l and max. 0.35mg/l). This presence of high concentrations may be due to urban agriculture activities conducted around the areas surrounding Msimbazi river, and also presence and use of onsite facilities (septic tanks and pit latrines). Discharge and runoff collection from garages and industrial wastes is another reasons thought for this high amount of heavy metals. There is need of adopting cheap water treatment technology for domestic purposes so as to protect people from being affected by the use of untreated water directly. VL - 4 IS - 1 ER -
Email: