-
HIV Prevalence and Associated Factors Among High Risk Individuals Recruited Through Social Network Strategy in Oromia Region, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study
Teka Haile,
Amanuel Lamessa,
Yonas Mekonnen,
Meseret Ifa
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
1-7
Received:
13 December 2021
Accepted:
31 December 2021
Published:
12 January 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20220801.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Background: Ethiopia adopted UNAIDS goal to end AIDS by 2030 and implementing different innovative approaches to attain this goal. Oromia region has been using social network strategy as an innovative HIV testing approach since 2018. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify HIV prevalence and associated factors among high risk individuals recruited through social network strategy in two towns of Oromia region, Ethiopia. Methods: Retrospective study was conducted in two towns of Oromia region; Woliso and Nekemte including 1,486 records of high risk individuals recruited through Social Network Strategy from October, 2018 to September, 2020. Data extraction form was used to collect data from the Social Network Strategy registers. The collected data entered into Epi Info version 7.2.3.1 and exported to SPSS 21.0 for analysis. The significance of association was determined with 95% CI and p < 0.05 measured using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: All 1,486 records of clients recruited through Social Network Strategy in the selected health facilities between October 2018 and September 2020 were included in the study. The median age of the study participants was 22 years (IQR of 22) and majority, 88.3% were female, 591 (39.8%) were seeds, while 60.2% were non-seeds. Among the 1,486 individuals tested for HIV, 105 (7.1%) were new HIV positive of whom 96 (91.4%) were linked to HIV chronic care and 89 (84.8%) started ART. Among the 1,381 participants who were HIV negative, 1,374 (99.5%) were provided condom, 1,377 (99.7%) were given risk reduction counselling, 1,379 (99.9%) were screened for STI and TB, and 104 (7.5%) received HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. From multivariate logistic regression analysis, age 10-19 years (AOR=21.39, 95% CI: 5.90, 77.52), age 20-29 years (AOR=16.78, 95% CI: 5.16, 54.58), age 30-39 years (AOR=5.35, 95% CI: 1.61, 17.84), male sex (AOR=5.48, 95% CI: 2.11, 14.25), and recruiter’s HIV status (AOR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.32) were significantly associated with HIV infection. Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of HIV infection among HIV high risk individuals recruited through social network strategy in the study area was high. Age, male sex and recruiter’s HIV status were significantly associated with HIV infection. The risk of HIV infection was higher among younger age group. Male clients recruited through social network strategy had higher risk of HIV infection. Similarly, clients whose recruiters were high risk HIV negative status had higher risk of HIV infection.
Abstract: Background: Ethiopia adopted UNAIDS goal to end AIDS by 2030 and implementing different innovative approaches to attain this goal. Oromia region has been using social network strategy as an innovative HIV testing approach since 2018. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify HIV prevalence and associated factors among high risk individuals re...
Show More
-
Validation of a Community Pediatric HIV Risk Assessment Screening Checklist Among 0 to 19 Years Old in Selected Communities of Taraba State, Nigeria
Aisha Nantim Dadi,
Godpower Omoregie,
Jennifer Anyanti,
Chinedu Onyezobi,
Etiobhio Ehimen,
Bilkisu Jibrin,
Emeka Obinna Okeke,
Eliane Vrolings,
Oluwatosin Adeoye
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
8-11
Received:
9 December 2021
Accepted:
29 December 2021
Published:
9 February 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20220801.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: In Nigeria, many children die from AIDS-related illnesses, because they lack access to HIV testing and care early due to perceived low risk of HIV infection by their caregivers. Early diagnosis through community-based HIV testing is being used more widely to increase coverage, but the positivity yield is very low compared to facility-based testing, hence the importance of targeted testing. Partners in Nigeria have used different HIV risk assessment tools to screen children and provide targeted testing to increase yields. The Federal Ministry of Health harmonized these tools to come up with a country-specific tool used in screening children and adolescents for HIV infection. The Society for Family Health through the Lafiya Yara project carried out validation of the tool among children and adolescents in Taraba State. The Lafiya Yara project is an HIV-focused program implemented in 8 of the 16 Local Government Areas of Taraba state. Informed consent was sought from caregivers and the (standard) harmonized HIV risk stratification checklist with 14 screening questions was administered to 3,001 children 0-19 years in 10 communities randomly selected from 5 Local Government Areas. The children after being classified as “at risk” and “not at risk” based on the stratification tool were tested for HIV, and SPSS version 25 was used to analyse data. Out of the 3,001 children screened, 1,565 (52.1%) were males, their mean age was 10.37±5.60, and 932 (31.1%) were in the age group 15 to 19 years. The tool classified 2,257 to be at risk, with 31 of them being HIV positive when tested. Out of the 744 classified as not being at risk, 6 of them were HIV positive, thus the sensitivity of the tool was 1.4% and specificity was 99.2%. The prevalence of HIV among the population was 1.2%, with the age-group 15 to 19 years having the highest HIV prevalence of 2.7%. The HIV risk stratification tool has a low sensitivity and a high specificity which make suggest it is not the best tool for use. There is therefore a need to review the tool to make it more targeted and increase its sensitivity. Different tools may also be adapted for different age bands such as younger children and the adolescents.
Abstract: In Nigeria, many children die from AIDS-related illnesses, because they lack access to HIV testing and care early due to perceived low risk of HIV infection by their caregivers. Early diagnosis through community-based HIV testing is being used more widely to increase coverage, but the positivity yield is very low compared to facility-based testing,...
Show More
-
Viral Load Suppression and Associated Factors Among High Viral Load Antiretroviral Treatment Client at Public Health Facilities of Nekemte Town, Nekemte, Ethiopia, 2020
Dawit Mulugeta,
Emeru Adeba,
Belachew Etana,
Amanuel Lamesa
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
12-18
Received:
14 January 2022
Accepted:
5 February 2022
Published:
16 February 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20220801.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Purpose: A key goal of anti-retro viral treatment is to achieve and maintain durable viral load suppression. Viral load is the concentration of HIV RNA in the blood. Viral load suppressed clients have low HIV transmission to sexual partner and important in HIV/AIDS epidemic control. Challenges in providing rapid and comprehensive care to patient with high viral load lead to poor or limited response among PLHIV with viremia. Viral load suppression at different Africa countries is low when compared to globally given target. Person with high viral load have recurrent opportunistic infection and higher transmission of HIV/AIDS. So the aim of this study to assess viral load suppression and associated factors among high viral load ART clients at public health facilities of Nekemte town. Patient and Methods: an institutional based cross sectional study was conducted among 418 proportionally selected high viral load ART clients (VL ≥ 1000copies/ml) from July 3, 2017 to September 26, 2019. Study participants were selected through simple random sampling technique. The association between dependent and independent variable was tested by binary logistic regression and those candidate with P value < 0.2 was selected and multiple binary logistic regression was conducted to identify the independent predictors of viral load suppression and AOR with its 95% CI and value of P < 0.05 was declared as statistical significance. Result: Of 418 high viral loads ART clients, 64% had suppressed viral load result. The probability of viral load suppression was higher among 1st line ARV regimen (AOR=3.86, 95% CI: 1.04-3.11), annual viral load test (AOR=6.1, 95 CI: 3.4-10.6), and CD4 count ≥ 200 (AOR=3.64, 95% CI: 1.98-6.7). The probability of viral load suppression was lower among clients with history of hospitalization (AOR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.21-0.89) and receiving CPT (AOR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.32-0.97). Conclusion: This study showed that viral load suppression was near to the WHO target (70%). Clients with CD4 cell count ≥ 200, discontinued CPT, 1st line ARV regimen, annual viral load test had higher probability of viral load suppression while clients with bedridden functional status and history of hospitalization had lower probability of viral load suppression. Clients on 2nd line had low viral load suppression as compared to 1st line and enhanced adherence counseling had no association in viral load suppression which need further research.
Abstract: Purpose: A key goal of anti-retro viral treatment is to achieve and maintain durable viral load suppression. Viral load is the concentration of HIV RNA in the blood. Viral load suppressed clients have low HIV transmission to sexual partner and important in HIV/AIDS epidemic control. Challenges in providing rapid and comprehensive care to patient wi...
Show More
-
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Turn-Around-Time of HIV Viral Load Testing Services: A Case Study of a Selected Health Facility in the Northeast, Nigeria
Jasini Joseph,
Emmanuel Opada,
Ndifreke James,
Yunana Paul,
Udenenwu Henry,
Fadoju Sunkanmi,
Dickson Peter,
Affiah Nsikan
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
19-23
Received:
20 January 2022
Accepted:
8 February 2022
Published:
16 February 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20220801.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The COVID-19 Pandemic has continued its devastating trend since its emergence and the negative impact is still being felt across the world. The pandemic has led to health service disruption and in some cases total collapse of services. In resource constrain settings, the situation is not different especially among PLHIV where declaration of lockdown and restriction of movement have affected ART provision and other essential HIV services. This study aimed at determining the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on HIV viral load (VL) testing services. The study adopted a case study approach with a sample size of 449 PLHIV client VL history collected retrospectively from laboratory records. Qualitative approached was also adopted with 3 key informants involved in viral load sample handling interviewed. The collected data was analyzed using STATA14 and NVIVO. The results revealed that, out of the total VL samples collected, 81% (n=363) of the collected samples were transported before the COVID-19 Pandemic and 19% (n=86) were transported during the pandemic. Furthermore, more than one-half of the client’s samples, 89% (n=217) had their viral load suppressed within the period under study. The average HIV VL turn-around-time (TAT) of the study was 77 days, that is 71 days before COVID-19 and 83 days during COVID-19. The study concluded that HIV VL turnaround time increased during the COVID-19 pandemic with possible devastating effective on management of HIV patient disease.
Abstract: The COVID-19 Pandemic has continued its devastating trend since its emergence and the negative impact is still being felt across the world. The pandemic has led to health service disruption and in some cases total collapse of services. In resource constrain settings, the situation is not different especially among PLHIV where declaration of lockdow...
Show More
-
Predictors of HIV Positive Pregnant Women’s Use of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Services in Taraba State: A Mixed Method Approach
Rhoda Pheela Saminaka Onyekwena,
Deborah Elkanah Sambo,
Somtriman Paul Dogara,
Azuchukwuene Godwin Chimezie,
Efiong Sunday Samuel
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
24-29
Received:
8 February 2022
Accepted:
8 March 2022
Published:
15 March 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20220801.15
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Background: It has been estimated that 90 per cent of paediatric HIV is through mother – to – child transmission, and the incidence of mother-to-child transmission is 40% among HIV positive pregnant women. Research has shown a reduction in the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) to less than 2% to 5% in non-breastfeeding and breastfeeding mothers respectively with the introduction of PMTCT services such as; reproductive health services, family planning services, HIV counseling and testing/partner counselling and referral services (PCRS), antiretroviral drugs for infected women and children, safe delivery services, infant feeding options and support, early infant diagnosis within six weeks, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test done six weeks after cessation of breast feeding, and community support. These services may be available but certain factors may interfere with their access and utilization by HIV positive pregnant women. This study therefore sought to determine factors that predict the utilization of PMTCT services among HIV positive pregnant women in Taraba State, Nigeria. Methods: The study adopted a mixed- method research design employing an institutional based cross sectional design. The population for the study consisted of 3,315 HIV positive pregnant women attending Antenatal Clinic and their service providers. Cluster random sampling technique was used to select facilities for the study. Convenience random sampling technique was used to select 605 HIV positive pregnant women (HIV positive pregnant women who were present during antenatal clinic days, who give their consent will be included in the study). The key informants for the study were selected using purposive sampling technique. A questionnaire and Key informant interview protocol were used for data collection. Percentages, Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the quantitative data while the qualitative data were thematically analyzed using Nvivo software. Results: Demographic factors of age, education, marital status and distance were associated with PMTCT services utilization, however, only age was a predictor of PMTCT services utilization (p≤0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that some demographic factors (age, occupation, educational level) are associated with PMTCT services utilization, while only age predicted HIV positive pregnant women’s utilization of PMTCT services. This predictor could be addressed through health education especially among the older women, text message reminders and some incentives.
Abstract: Background: It has been estimated that 90 per cent of paediatric HIV is through mother – to – child transmission, and the incidence of mother-to-child transmission is 40% among HIV positive pregnant women. Research has shown a reduction in the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) to less than 2% to 5% in non-breastfeeding and breastfe...
Show More
-
Sociodemographic Factors Associated with HAART Non-adherence Among HIV-Infected Adults in Lerato Clinic, Bertha Qxowa Hospital, Gauteng, South Africa
Nzale Nzali Ntumbanzondo Arnold,
Nzale Nzali Kadiombo Tshilela Anastasie,
Longo-Mbenza Benjamin,
Nge Okwe Augustin,
Kisoka Lusunsi Christian,
Kamangu Ntambwe Eric,
Ngonde Mambakasa Ange Christian
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
30-35
Received:
28 April 2022
Accepted:
17 May 2022
Published:
26 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20220801.16
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Background and aims: HIV/AIDS is a pandemic infection with socio-economic factors associated with HAART non-adherence. It is well established that the clinical efficiency of HAART in suppressing the HIV virus toward a long survival needs a non-adherence rate of less than 5%. South Africa is facing a high level of HIV/AIDS rate, where a low level of non-adherence is needed. Methods: The investigator conducted a cross-sectional study at Lerato Clinic in Germiston, Gauteng, South Africa from September 2019 to December 2019. Non-adherence was measured by doing first a pill count for all eligible patients every working day preceding inclusion by self-reported method following quantitative (missing dosage of ART). Non-adherence was defined as taking their medication ≤ 95% of the time. A threshold of non-adherence > 5% was considered high, with P < 0.05 statistically significant. Results: Out of 278 patients (56%, n ꞊ 156 Males; 44%, n ꞊ 122 Females) with a sex ratio of 1.3 Male ÷ 1 Female, all were evaluated. The majority of patients were younger than 45 years (67%, n ꞊ 187), single (43%, n ꞊ 120), Blacks (75.8%, n ꞊ 211), those with High School level (48%, n ꞊ 134), and Jobless people (45%, n ꞊ 126). Out of all patients, 19% (n ꞊ 52) were recognized as non-adherents to HAART in Lerato clinic in Betha Qxowa Hospital, Germiston, Gauteng, South Africa. However, there was no significant univariate association (P = 0.452) between Ethnic groups and non-adherence to HAART: 19.4% (n = 41/211) among blacks, 13.9% (n= 5/36) among Caucasians/ Whites, 7.7% (n = 1/13) among coloured, and 27.8% (n = 5/18) among Indians. The univariate risk of non-adherence to HAART was respectively multiplied by 2, 3, 5, and 4 by male gender, aging, low education level, and Widowed. Conclusion: Our study found the level of non-adherence to be 19%, very high, but comparable to other developing countries. Stigma or fear of disclosure, being away from home, too busy with other things, the side‑effects, and toxicity of ART drugs, are the main obstacles to ART adherence.
Abstract: Background and aims: HIV/AIDS is a pandemic infection with socio-economic factors associated with HAART non-adherence. It is well established that the clinical efficiency of HAART in suppressing the HIV virus toward a long survival needs a non-adherence rate of less than 5%. South Africa is facing a high level of HIV/AIDS rate, where a low level of...
Show More
-
Fertility Desire and Its Associated Factors Among Adults Living with HIV and Followed at CHUD-Borgou in 2019
Cossi Angelo Attinsounon,
Aliou Nouhou,
Alassani Adebayo,
Dovonou Comlan Albert,
Obossou Achille,
Salifou Kabibou
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
36-41
Received:
29 May 2022
Accepted:
15 June 2022
Published:
27 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20220801.17
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Objectives: To study the fertility desire and its associated factors among people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) and followed up at CHUD-B in 2019. Settings and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study based on systematic recruitment of every PLHIV received in consultation at the internal medicine unit of the Departmental Teaching Hospital of Borgou (CHUD-B) of Parakou from March 1st to September 30th, 2019. Results: Over 442 PLHIV surveyed, more than half (55.66%) wanted to have a child. The average number of children they desired was 3. The desire was common to couples in 82.91% of cases and exposed couples to regular (61.27%) and unprotected (63.68%) sex. More than half of the respondents did not know their partner's HIV status and 39.60% had not informed their partner of their HIV status. The risks of mother-to-child and intra-partner transmission of HIV were known in 70.14% and 60.42% of cases, respectively. The factors associated with fertility desire were age (p=0.00), the number of children the patient had (p=0.00), the absence of HIV infection in the partner (p=0.052), regular sexual relations (p=0.00) and having a duration of antiretroviral treatment of between 1 and 5 years (p=0.082) Conclusion: It is imperative to take into account fertility desire in the follow-up of PLHIV to reduce the risks of mother-to-child and intra-partner transmission of HIV infection.
Abstract: Objectives: To study the fertility desire and its associated factors among people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) and followed up at CHUD-B in 2019. Settings and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study based on systematic recruitment of every PLHIV received in consultation at the internal medicine unit of th...
Show More
