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A History of HIV and AIDS Responses in Kenya, 1983-2003
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
42-54
Received:
4 January 2022
Accepted:
17 February 2022
Published:
29 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20220802.11
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Abstract: HIV was first detected in Kenya in 1984. Since then, Kenya's government has launched a number of response measures in collaboration with other development partners. The Kenyan government's initial responses to HIV/AIDS were characterized by denial and inactivity. External donors and significant global financial institutions were invited to assist the government in creating HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care structures and strategies as a result of the government's inaction and lack of political commitment. While external donor financing and support are critical in the battle against HIV/AIDS, relying solely on donor funds and policy guidance puts the intervention methods' identity, autonomy, and mission at risk. External funders have monopolized and dictated the HIV/AIDS conversation in Kenya, particularly in terms of establishing programs and policies, to the point where government initiatives are stymied if not dictated. Kenya's government spends more time negotiating competing donor demands than identifying their own priorities and implementing their own programs as a result of this approach.
Abstract: HIV was first detected in Kenya in 1984. Since then, Kenya's government has launched a number of response measures in collaboration with other development partners. The Kenyan government's initial responses to HIV/AIDS were characterized by denial and inactivity. External donors and significant global financial institutions were invited to assist t...
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Barriers Associated with the Effective Implementation of the Universal Test and Treat Strategy of HIV/AIDS in Fako Division of Cameroon: A Qualitative Study
Kah Emmanuel Nji,
Vincent Verla Siysi,
Nsagha Dickson Shey,
Che Frankline Anyiang,
Serge Ngekeng,
Ngowe Ngowe Marcelin
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
55-60
Received:
9 August 2022
Accepted:
5 September 2022
Published:
18 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20220802.12
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Abstract: Introduction: Universal test and treat strategy of HIV/AIDS was introduced by The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) in 2014. This was to scale up the attainment of the 90-90-90 target. This strategy only took effect in Cameroon in 2016. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify barriers that hinder the effective uptake of this approach following two years of implementation. Materials and methods: This was a qualitative study where 8 focus group discussions were conducted among community members and 25 in-depth interviews among HIV patients, clinicians and coordinators of HIV/AIDS treatment centers. The study was carried out in 8 randomly selected communities within the 4 health districts of Fako division of Cameroon. Data was collected on demographic characteristics and barriers that hinder the effective implementation of test and treat strategy. The data was analyzed using Nvivo 11. Results: The identified barriers were grouped into 2 themes. Health service related barriers and client/community related barriers: Health service related barriers were: Frequent drugs stockout, unavailability of HIV test kids, lack of work space to provide services to client, lack of confidentially among health workers, limited number of psychosocial counselors and poor attitude of health workers. Client/community related barriers were; Fear of positive results, long waiting time and long distant to the HIV/AIDS treatment centers. Conclusion: In order to achieve the 90-90-90- target, the community and hospital related barriers to test and treat strategy need to be addressed by improving the services rendered and also to scale up sensitization on the importance of HIV testing and treatment.
Abstract: Introduction: Universal test and treat strategy of HIV/AIDS was introduced by The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) in 2014. This was to scale up the attainment of the 90-90-90 target. This strategy only took effect in Cameroon in 2016. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify barriers that hinder the effective uptake of thi...
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viral Load Suppression and Associated Factors Among Client on Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Ethiopia
Abdurrahman Geleto Sado,
Solomon Wolde-Mariam Chakso,
Girma Worku Obsie
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
61-68
Received:
5 October 2022
Accepted:
17 November 2022
Published:
29 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20220802.13
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Abstract: The aim of therapy following treatment failure is to attain and maintain Virological suppressions via the three 90 target by the year 2020 to accelerate reaching epidemic control of those on Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) shall be virally suppressed. Objective: The purposed of this study to evaluate Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) on High viral load suppression and factors associated among client on ART in Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: Institution based cross sectional study was done by chart review. A total of 430 study subjects were selected with complete information included in the analysis. The collected data was entered in to Epi info Version 7 software then cleaned data was exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. All independent variables with at p-value<0.2 in the crude analysis were involved in the multiple logistic regression analysis with 95% CI computed. A P-value<0.05 has considered statistically significant. Result: A total of 430 people living with HIV enrolled in this study was, 356 (82.8%) had not suppressed viral load with the corresponding 95% confidence interval was (79.2, 86.3). People living with HIV enrolled with '''baseline Hgb < 10g/dl [AOR=1.834, 95% CI (1.407, 2.710)], patients having poor adherence [AOR=15.204, 95% CI (8.087, 28.58)] and patients enrolled to care who use substance [AOR=1.6, 95% CI (1.021, 3.118)] were at risky to get high viral load. Conclusion: The findings of this study strongly showed that on treatment viral load suppression rates 17.2% patients had suppressed viral load < 1000 RNAcopies/mL. This proportion falls short of the UNAIDS’ 90% target for on treatment viral suppression. Poor adherence, Hgb level < 10g/dl and substance use were factors that decreases rates of viral load suppression. Therefore, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment program can maintain and potentially improve virological treatment outcomes by improving access to targeted viral load testing.
Abstract: The aim of therapy following treatment failure is to attain and maintain Virological suppressions via the three 90 target by the year 2020 to accelerate reaching epidemic control of those on Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) shall be virally suppressed. Objective: The purposed of this study to evaluate Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) on High viral l...
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Decentralized Care for People Living with HIV in Koumpentoum (Senegal): Prevalence and Factors Associated with Unfavourables Outcomes from 2005 to 2022
Diop El Hadji Cheikh Abdoulaye,
Bop Martial Coly,
Ndiaye Abdoul Aziz,
Sarr Mama Waly,
Sambou Moussa Missette,
Barry Abdou,
Dog AdelaideNdew
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
69-75
Received:
11 November 2022
Accepted:
28 November 2022
Published:
27 December 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20220802.14
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Abstract: Background: In a context of challenges to achieve the three (95), we studied the decentralized management of HIV infections in the health district of Koumpentoum. Our research focused on the prevalence and factors associated with unfavorable outcomes from (2005) to (2022). Methodology: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study. The dependent variable was unfavorable outcomes, which included deaths and dropouts. The independent variables were related to socio-demographic, clinical, para-clinical, therapeutic and outcome characteristics. In the multi variate analysis, multiple logistic regression was used. Results: A total of (782) patients were included. There was a clear female predominance with (66.5%). More than half (56.26%) of the patients were under (45) years of age. Two thirds of them were living in a couple (65.98%). Almost three quarters (73.15%) had no income-generating activity. At inclusion, co-infection with tuberculosis was (2.56%). Viral load was not performed in more than three quarters (76.6%). Of those who had a viral load test (42.07%), the level was undetectable. Almost all (95.03%) were put on first line antiretroviral and less than half of them (43.86%) were on Dolutegravir. In terms of outcomes, (36.83%) of the patients were lost to follow-up, (20.08%) died and (43.09%) were still on follow-up. Factors statistically and significantly associated with an unfavorable outcomes were age less than (45) years (ORa = 2.15 [1.16-3.97]; p=0.014), not living with a partner (OR = 3.35 [2.7-4.7]; p<0. 001), not having an income-generating activity (OR = 2.08 [1.51-2.87]; p=0.008), presenting tuberculosis at inclusion (OR = 5.78 [1.32-25.21]; p<0.008) and no treatment with Dolutegravir (ORa = 23.74 [11.97-47.1]; p<0.001). Conclusion: Improving the management of HIV patients in Koumpentoum health district will require an active search for those who have been lost to follow-up, awareness raising and financial protection for young people and vulnerable groups, systematic screening for tuberculosis and widespread use of Dolutegravir.
Abstract: Background: In a context of challenges to achieve the three (95), we studied the decentralized management of HIV infections in the health district of Koumpentoum. Our research focused on the prevalence and factors associated with unfavorable outcomes from (2005) to (2022). Methodology: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study. The...
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